Applied Mechanics/SAFER Centre, Vehicle Safety Division, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2011 Aug;12(4):347-57. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2011.585408.
The objective was to quantify dynamic responses of 50th percentile females in rear impacts and compare to those from similar tests with males. The results will serve as a basis for future work with models, criteria, and safety systems.
A rear impact sled test series with 8 female volunteers was performed at velocity changes of 5 and 7 km/h. The following dynamic response corridors were generated for the head, T1 (first thoracic vertebra) and head relative to T1: (1) accelerations in posterior-anterior direction, (2) horizontal and vertical displacements, (3) angular displacements for 6 females close to the 50th percentile in size. Additionally, the head-to-head restraint distance and contact time and neck injury criterion (NIC) were extracted from the data set. These data were compared to results from previously performed male volunteer tests, representing the 50th percentile male, in equivalent test conditions. T-tests were performed with the statistical significance level of .05 to quantify the significance of the parameter value differences for the males and females.
At 7 km/h, the females showed 29 percent earlier head-to-head restraint contact time (p = .0072); 27 percent shorter horizontal rearward head displacement (p = .0017); 36 percent narrower head extension angle (p = .0281); and 52 percent lower NIC value (p = .0239) than the males in previous tests. This was mainly due to 35 percent shorter initial head-to-head restraint distance for the females (p = .0125). The peak head acceleration in the posterior-anterior direction was higher and occurred earlier for the females.
The overall result indicated differences in the dynamic response for the female and male volunteers. The results could be used in developing and evaluating a mechanical and/or mathematical average-sized female dummy model for rear impact safety assessment. These models can be used as a tool in the design of protective systems and for further development and evaluation of injury criteria.
量化女性第 50 百分位在后部碰撞中的动态响应，并与具有类似男性的测试进行比较。结果将为未来的模型、标准和安全系统工作提供基础。
在速度变化为 5 和 7 公里/小时的情况下，对 8 名女性志愿者进行了后部冲击滑橇测试系列。为头部、T1（第一胸椎）和头部相对于 T1 生成了以下动态响应通道：（1）后前方向的加速度，（2）水平和垂直位移，（3）大小接近第 50 百分位的 6 名女性的角位移。此外，还从数据集中提取了头对头约束距离和接触时间以及颈部损伤标准（NIC）。这些数据与先前进行的男性志愿者测试结果进行了比较，代表了相同测试条件下的第 50 百分位男性。使用.05 的统计显着性水平进行 t 检验，以量化男性和女性参数值差异的显着性。
在 7 公里/小时时，女性的头对头约束接触时间早 29%（p=.0072）；水平向后头部位移短 27%（p=.0017）；头部伸展角度窄 36%（p=.0281）；和 NIC 值低 52%（p=.0239）比以前测试中的男性。这主要是由于女性的初始头对头约束距离短 35%（p=.0125）。女性的后前方向头部加速度峰值更高，出现得更早。
总体结果表明女性和男性志愿者的动态响应存在差异。这些结果可用于开发和评估用于后部冲击安全评估的机械和/或数学平均大小女性假人模型。这些模型可用作保护系统设计的工具，并可用于进一步开发和评估损伤标准。
