Pflugbeil S, Pflugbeil C, Schmitz-Feuerhake I
German Society of Radiation Protection, Berlin, Germany.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2011 Sep;147(1-2):305-9. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncr344. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
This study aims to investigate the contribution of diagnostic exposures to the rising rates of brain tumours and other neoplasms which are observed in several industrial nations. Included are benign tumours in the head and neck region and cataracts which are neglected in usual risk estimates by international and national radiation protection committees. Dose-effect relationships for tumours of the brain, skin, thyroid and other sites of the head region, leukaemia and cataracts are taken from the literature. Risk estimates are derived for paediatric head computed tomographies (CTs) as well as for brain tumours in adults. On the basis of estimates for Germany about the number of head scans, the annual rate of radiation-induced diseases is calculated. About 1000 annual paediatric CT investigations of the skull will lead to about three excess neoplasms in the head region, i.e. the probability of an induced late effect must be suspected in the range of some thousands. Additionally, a relevant increase of cataracts must be considered. The radiation-induced occurrence of meningiomas and other brain tumours most probably contributes to the continuously increasing incidence of these diseases which is observed in several industrial nations, as well as the exposure of the bone marrow by CT to the increase of childhood leukaemia.
本研究旨在调查诊断性照射对几个工业国家中观察到的脑肿瘤和其他肿瘤发病率上升的影响。其中包括头颈部良性肿瘤和白内障，而国际和国家辐射防护委员会在通常的风险评估中忽略了这些情况。脑、皮肤、甲状腺及头部其他部位的肿瘤、白血病和白内障的剂量-效应关系取自文献。得出了儿童头部计算机断层扫描（CT）以及成人脑肿瘤的风险估计值。根据德国头部扫描数量的估计值，计算出辐射诱发疾病的年发生率。每年约1000次儿童颅骨CT检查将导致头部区域约3例额外肿瘤，即必须怀疑在数千分之一的范围内存在诱发迟发效应的可能性。此外，还必须考虑白内障的显著增加。辐射诱发的脑膜瘤和其他脑肿瘤很可能导致了几个工业国家中观察到的这些疾病发病率的持续上升，以及CT对骨髓的照射导致儿童白血病发病率增加。
