Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia MO 65203, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Nov;111(5):1497-504. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00420.2011. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
Lifetime physical inactivity interacts with secondary aging (i.e., aging caused by diseases and environmental factors) in three patterns of response. First, lifetime physical inactivity confers no apparent effects on a given set of physiological functions. Second, lifetime physical inactivity accelerates secondary aging (e.g., speeding the reduction in bone mineral density, maximal oxygen consumption, and skeletal muscle strength and power), but does not alter the primary aging of these systems. Third, a lifetime of physical activity to the age of ∼60-70 yr old totally prevents decrements in some age-associated risk factors for major chronic diseases, such as endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. The present review provides ample and compelling evidence that physical inactivity has a large impact in shortening average life expectancy. In summary, physical inactivity plays a major role in the secondary aging of many essential physiological functions, and this aging can be prevented through a lifetime of physical activity.
终生缺乏体力活动与继发性衰老（即由疾病和环境因素引起的衰老）以三种反应模式相互作用。首先，终生缺乏体力活动对一组特定的生理功能没有明显的影响。其次，终生缺乏体力活动加速了继发性衰老（例如，加速了骨矿物质密度、最大摄氧量以及骨骼肌肉力量和功率的减少），但不会改变这些系统的原发性衰老。第三，终生的体力活动到 60-70 岁左右完全可以防止一些与主要慢性疾病相关的年龄相关风险因素的下降，如内皮功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗。本综述提供了充分和令人信服的证据，表明缺乏体力活动对平均预期寿命的缩短有很大影响。总之，缺乏体力活动在许多重要生理功能的继发性衰老中起着重要作用，而这种衰老可以通过终生的体力活动来预防。
