Charansonney Olivier L
Département de Cardiologie, Centre Médical de Bligny, Briis sous Forges, France.
Discov Med. 2011 Sep;12(64):177-85.
The benefits of physical activity in preventing premature mortality have been established by a large set of epidemiological studies. These benefits have been shown both in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Furthermore, the reduction of acute events such as myocardial infarction observed with higher levels of physical activity together with the increase in disease-free life expectancy among the most active individuals supports physical activity's anti-aging effect. This review highlights two models supporting this effect. The first model describes the path to frailty and the second explains that immobilization is a stressor which triggers stress-responses responsible for many chronic diseases. Aging reduces the physiological reserve and can lead to frailty when this reserve cannot allow an appropriate adaptation of the aging body to environmental challenges. The components of this physiological reserve can easily be measured by cardiorespiratory testing. Among them are heart rate reserve and VO(2max), the maximal body oxygen consumption. The opposite effects of exercise training and aging on the physiological reserve are detailed. Underlying mechanisms of both exercise training and aging are described. Sedentary lifestyle accelerates the effects of aging in susceptible individuals. Sedentary lifestyle induces mechanisms which lead to risk factors of chronic diseases and, eventually, to premature death. These pathological mechanisms and their consequences constitute the sedentary lifestyle syndrome.
大量流行病学研究已证实体育活动在预防过早死亡方面的益处。这些益处在中年人和老年人中均有体现。此外，较高水平的体育活动可减少急性事件，如心肌梗死，同时最活跃人群的无病预期寿命增加，这支持了体育活动的抗衰老作用。本综述重点介绍了支持这一作用的两种模型。第一种模型描述了走向虚弱的途径，第二种模型解释了固定不动是一种应激源，会引发导致许多慢性疾病的应激反应。衰老会降低生理储备，当这种储备不足以使衰老的身体适当地适应环境挑战时，就会导致虚弱。这种生理储备的组成部分可以通过心肺测试轻松测量。其中包括心率储备和最大摄氧量（VO₂max），即身体的最大氧气消耗量。详细阐述了运动训练和衰老对生理储备的相反影响。描述了运动训练和衰老的潜在机制。久坐不动的生活方式会加速易感个体的衰老效应。久坐不动的生活方式会引发导致慢性疾病危险因素并最终导致过早死亡的机制。这些病理机制及其后果构成了久坐不动生活方式综合征。
