Politi Pierluigi, Rocchetti Matteo, Emanuele Enzo, Rondanelli Mariangela, Barale Francesco
Department of Health Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2013 Sep;10(3):245-53. doi: 10.2174/1570163811310030007.
A growing body of evidence suggests that omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are clinically useful in patients with psychiatric disorders. In the present review, we summarize the findings of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that have focused on the potential therapeutic utility of ω-3 PUFAs in patients with mental illnesses. We searched the PubMed database for placebo-controlled clinical trials using the keywords "PUFAs", "omega-3", "eicosapentaenoic acid", and "docosahexaenoic acid" in combination with the following terms: "anxiety disorders", "mood disorders", "autism", "attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder" (ADHD), "personality disorders", and "schizophrenia". The literature review indicated that personality disorders, autism, and anxiety disorders have been investigated less frequently than mood disorders, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Although no definite conclusions can be drawn on the therapeutic efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs in the majority of the psychiatric illnesses examined here, the evidence suggests that these molecules have a potential preventive role in people at extremely high risk for developing psychosis. Future studies in the field should examine ω-PUFAs turnover in neural membranes. Moreover, special attention should be paid to potential confounds, such as smoking and dietary habits.
越来越多的证据表明，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）对精神疾病患者具有临床应用价值。在本综述中，我们总结了随机、安慰剂对照临床试验的结果，这些试验聚焦于ω-3 PUFAs在精神疾病患者中的潜在治疗效用。我们在PubMed数据库中搜索了使用关键词“PUFAs”“ω-3”“二十碳五烯酸”和“二十二碳六烯酸”并结合以下术语的安慰剂对照临床试验：“焦虑症”“情绪障碍”“自闭症”“注意力缺陷多动障碍”（ADHD）“人格障碍”和“精神分裂症”。文献综述表明，与情绪障碍、精神分裂症和ADHD相比，人格障碍、自闭症和焦虑症的研究较少。尽管在此处研究的大多数精神疾病中，关于ω-3 PUFAs的治疗效果尚无定论，但证据表明这些分子对处于极高精神病发病风险的人群具有潜在预防作用。该领域未来的研究应考察神经膜中ω-PUFAs的周转率。此外，应特别关注潜在的混杂因素，如吸烟和饮食习惯。
