Cognitive Neuroscience Program, City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY 10031, USA.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2012 Feb;123(2):293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.030. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
This study sought to better characterize the contributions of deficits in attention allocation and distracter inhibition to the poor performance on attention tasks often seen in children with ADHD.
Electrophysiological (Nd, P3b) and behavioral measures (speed and accuracy) were examined during an auditory selective attention task in children with ADHD, children with typical development (TD), and adults. Thirty children (15 ADHD; 13 females) between the ages of 7 and 13 and 16 adults (8 females) participated.
Nd waveforms were elicited from adults and children with TD, but not from children with ADHD. Further, those with ADHD exhibited significantly smaller auditory responses at 100 ms (Ta). P3bs were elicited in all three groups by targets but not by unattended deviants. Performance was significantly poorer in children with ADHD than TD and RTs were more variable.
Children with ADHD evidenced poorer attention allocation, as measured by Nd and hits, but were not more distracted by unattended deviants, as measured by P3b and false alarms, than children with TD.
Findings for Nd, P3b, and Ta considered together suggest that deficits in auditory selective attention in children with ADHD may be attributable to reduced information early in the processing stream.
本研究旨在更好地描述注意力分配缺陷和分心抑制缺陷对 ADHD 儿童在注意力任务中表现不佳的贡献。
在听觉选择性注意任务中，对 ADHD 儿童、具有典型发育的儿童（TD）和成人进行了电生理（Nd、P3b）和行为测量（速度和准确性）。共有 30 名 7 至 13 岁的儿童（15 名 ADHD；8 名女性）和 16 名成年人（8 名女性）参与了研究。
Nd 波在成人和 TD 儿童中均被引出，但在 ADHD 儿童中未被引出。此外，ADHD 儿童的听觉反应在 100ms 时（Ta）明显较小。所有三组均通过目标引出 P3b，但未通过未注意偏差引出。ADHD 儿童的表现明显差于 TD 儿童，且 RT 更不稳定。
与 TD 儿童相比，ADHD 儿童的注意力分配较差，这可以通过 Nd 和击中次数来衡量，但在未注意偏差方面，即 P3b 和虚报方面，他们并不比 TD 儿童更容易分心。
综合考虑 Nd、P3b 和 Ta 的发现表明，ADHD 儿童的听觉选择性注意力缺陷可能归因于处理流早期的信息减少。
