Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 32 No. 29-31 (Piso 3), Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2011 Sep;8(5):A106. Epub 2011 Aug 15.
The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and, in particular, the role of parental occupational exposure to carcinogenic and probably carcinogenic hydrocarbons before the child's conception.
For this case-control study, cases were children younger than 15 years who were newly diagnosed with ALL between January 2000 and March 2005 at 1 of 6 Colombian hospitals. An interview with both parents of 170 children (85 cases and 85 individually matched neighborhood controls) gathered information about each child's exposures and parental demographic and occupational characteristics, medical history, health risk behaviors, and pregnancy and birth history. A job-exposure matrix was used to classify parental exposure to hydrocarbons on the basis of the main industrial activity of each workplace where parents worked before (both parents) or during the index pregnancy (mother only). Conditional odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by period of exposure (preconception, pregnancy, and childhood).
The risk of childhood ALL was linked to 1) parental occupational exposure to hydrocarbons before conception, 2) parental smoking before conception, 3) maternal low socioeconomic status during pregnancy, and 4) higher maternal age (≥35 y) at the child's birth.
These findings suggest an association between childhood ALL and parental occupational exposure to carcinogenic and probably carcinogenic hydrocarbons before conception. Outcomes depended on the parent exposed. Future research should investigate the additive or multiplicative role of other environmental sources of hydrocarbons.
本研究旨在确定儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的危险因素，特别是在儿童受孕前父母职业接触致癌和可能致癌碳氢化合物的作用。
本病例对照研究纳入了 2000 年 1 月至 2005 年 3 月期间在哥伦比亚的 6 家医院新确诊为 ALL 的 15 岁以下儿童病例。对 170 名儿童的父母（85 例病例和 85 名按邻居匹配的对照）进行访谈，收集了每个儿童的暴露情况以及父母的人口统计学和职业特征、医疗史、健康风险行为以及妊娠和分娩史。使用职业暴露矩阵，根据父母工作前（双亲）或受孕期间（仅母亲）每个工作场所的主要工业活动来分类碳氢化合物的暴露情况。通过暴露时期（受孕前、受孕中和儿童期）计算条件优势比和 95%置信区间。
儿童 ALL 的发病风险与 1）父母受孕前职业接触碳氢化合物，2）父母受孕前吸烟，3）母亲妊娠期间社会经济地位低，以及 4）母亲分娩时年龄较大（≥35 岁）相关。
这些发现表明儿童 ALL 与父母受孕前接触致癌和可能致癌碳氢化合物有关。结局取决于暴露的父母。未来的研究应调查其他碳氢化合物环境源的附加或协同作用。
