Superior Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), CESPU, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;32(2):212-7. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.005. Epub 2011 May 27.
Fish embryos are a particularly vulnerable stage of development, so they represent optimal targets for screening toxicological effects of waterborne xenobiotics. Herein, the toxicity potential of two mixtures of pharmaceuticals was evaluated using a zebrafish embryo test. One of the mixtures corresponds to an environmentally realistic scenario and both have carbamazepine, fenofibric acid, propranolol, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. The results evidenced morphological alterations, such as spinal deformities and yolk-sac oedemas. Moreover, heart rates decreased after both mixture exposures, e.g., at 48hpf, highest mixture versus blank control (47.8±4.9 and 55.8±3.7 beats/30s, respectively). The tail lengths also diminished significantly from 3208±145μm in blank control to 3130±126μm in highest mixture. The toxicological effects were concentration dependent. Mortality, hatching rate and the number of spontaneous movements were not affected. However, the low levels of pharmaceuticals did interfere with the normal development of zebrafish, which indicates risks for wild organisms.
鱼类胚胎是发育过程中特别脆弱的阶段，因此它们是筛选水污染物毒理学效应的最佳目标。本研究采用斑马鱼胚胎试验评估了两种药物混合物的毒性潜力。其中一种混合物对应于一种现实的环境情景，且两者均含有卡马西平、非诺贝特酸、普萘洛尔、甲氧苄啶和磺胺甲噁唑。结果表明，混合物暴露后出现了形态学改变，如脊柱畸形和卵黄囊水肿。此外，两种混合物暴露后心率均降低，例如在 48hpf 时，最高混合物组与空白对照组（分别为 47.8±4.9 和 55.8±3.7 次/30s）。尾巴长度也从空白对照组的 3208±145μm 显著减少到最高混合物组的 3130±126μm。毒理学效应呈浓度依赖性。死亡率、孵化率和自发运动次数不受影响。然而，低浓度的药物确实会干扰斑马鱼的正常发育，这表明对野生动物存在风险。
