Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Feb;21(3):2367-2377. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2142-7. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has become a matter of concern in the last decade due to potential risks posed to non-target organisms and the potential for unintended human exposure via food chain. This concern has been driven by a high detection frequency for drugs in environmental samples; these substances are produced in large quantities and are used in both veterinary and human medicine, leading to deposition and potential effects in the environment. However, few studies have focused on the presence of pharmaceuticals in rural areas associated with farming activities in comparison to urban areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface waters collected from urban and rural areas in northwestern Spain. A monitoring study was conducted with 312 river water samples analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Positive detection of pharmaceuticals was made for 51 % of the samples. Decoquinate, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine and trimethoprim were the drugs most frequently detected, being present in more than 10 % of the samples. The sampling sites located downstream of the discharge points for wastewater treatment plants yielded the highest number of positive samples, 13 % of the positive samples were detected in these sites and 38 % of the samples collected near the collection point of a drinking water treatment plant were positive.
在过去十年中，由于药物对非目标生物构成的潜在风险以及通过食物链意外暴露于人类的可能性，药品在水生环境中的出现已成为人们关注的问题。这种关注是由于在环境样本中频繁检测到药物；这些物质的产量很大，并且在兽医和人类医学中都有使用，导致在环境中沉积和产生潜在影响。然而，与城市地区相比，很少有研究关注与农业活动相关的农村地区的药物存在情况。本研究旨在调查西班牙西北部城市和农村地区地表水中药用活性化合物的存在情况。对 312 个河水样本进行了监测研究，采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。对 51%的样本进行了药物的阳性检测。癸氧喹酯、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶和甲氧苄啶是最常检测到的药物，存在于超过 10%的样本中。在污水处理厂排放点下游的采样点产生了最多的阳性样本，这些采样点中检测到了 13%的阳性样本，在饮用水处理厂收集点附近采集的样本中，有 38%的样本呈阳性。
