CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Cell Microbiol. 2011 Dec;13(12):1849-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01665.x. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
Biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi are successful groups of plant pathogens that require living plant tissue to survive and complete their life cycle. Members of these groups include the rust fungi and powdery mildews and species in the Ustilago, Cladosporium and Magnaporthe genera. Collectively, they represent some of the most destructive plant parasites, causing huge economic losses and threatening global food security. During plant infection, pathogens synthesize and secrete effector proteins, some of which are translocated into the plant cytosol where they can alter the host's response to the invading pathogen. In a successful infection, pathogen effectors facilitate suppression of the plant's immune system and orchestrate the reprogramming of the infected tissue so that it becomes a source of nutrients that are required by the pathogen to support its growth and development. This review summarizes our current understanding of the function of fungal effectors in infection.
生物亲和性和半生物亲和性真菌是一组成功的植物病原体，它们需要活的植物组织才能生存并完成其生命周期。这些群体的成员包括锈菌和白粉菌以及 Ustilago、Cladosporium 和 Magnaporthe 属的物种。它们共同构成了一些最具破坏性的植物寄生虫，造成巨大的经济损失并威胁全球粮食安全。在植物感染过程中，病原体合成并分泌效应蛋白，其中一些被转运到植物细胞质中，在那里它们可以改变宿主对入侵病原体的反应。在成功的感染中，病原体效应物有助于抑制植物的免疫系统，并协调感染组织的重新编程，使其成为病原体所需的营养物质的来源，以支持其生长和发育。本综述总结了我们目前对真菌效应物在感染中的功能的理解。
