Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Skövde, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2012 Feb;101(2):172-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02442.x. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
To assess the development of preterm infants from 40 weeks gestational age to 18 months corrected age to identify early predictors of later development.
Fifty-one infants were involved. Infant development was assessed at 40 and 44 weeks gestational age with the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale and a self-regulation scale and at 3, 6, 10, 18 months corrected age with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The quality of general movements was assessed at 1 and 3 months corrected age and maternal attachment style at infant's age of 6 months corrected age with the Relation Scale Questionnaire.
At term age and 1-month corrected age, preterm infants were less mature and had lower levels of self-regulation than full-term infants. At 3 months corrected age, a higher proportion of preterm infants (43%) had mildly abnormal motor quality compared to the general population (25%). At all follow-ups, preterm infants had delayed mental, motor and behavioural development, which was associated with the level of self-regulation, motor quality and maternal attachment style. Maternal education level was the most predominant background factor related to infant development.
Preterm infants show early-in-life deviations in self-regulation, motor quality and development. These deviations are risk factors for later optimal functioning.
评估从 40 周胎龄到 18 个月校正年龄的早产儿的发育情况，以确定后期发育的早期预测指标。
共纳入 51 例婴儿。采用 Brazelton 新生儿行为评估量表和自我调节量表在 40 周和 44 周胎龄、Bayley 婴儿发育量表在 3、6、10、18 个月校正龄对婴儿进行发育评估。在 1 个月和 3 个月校正龄时评估婴儿的一般运动质量，在婴儿 6 个月校正龄时使用关系量表问卷评估母婴依恋方式。
在足月龄和 1 个月校正龄时，早产儿比足月儿成熟度低，自我调节能力低。在 3 个月校正龄时，与一般人群（25%）相比，更多的早产儿（43%）存在轻度异常的运动质量。在所有随访中，早产儿的智力、运动和行为发育均延迟，这与自我调节水平、运动质量和母婴依恋方式有关。母亲的教育水平是与婴儿发育最相关的主要背景因素。
早产儿在自我调节、运动质量和发育方面存在生命早期的偏差。这些偏差是后期最佳功能的危险因素。
