Poehlmann-Tynan Julie, Gerstein Emily D, Burnson Cynthia, Weymouth Lindsay, Bolt Daniel M, Maleck Sarah, Schwichtenberg A J
University of Wisconsin-Madison.
University of Missouri-St. Louis.
Dev Psychopathol. 2015 Aug;27(3):843-58. doi: 10.1017/S095457941400087X. Epub 2014 Sep 8.
Children born preterm are at risk for experiencing significant deleterious developmental outcomes throughout their childhood and adolescence. However, individual variation and resilience are hallmarks of the preterm population. The present study examined pathways to resilience across multiple domains (e.g., social activities, peer relations, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomology, externalizing and internalizing behavior, and sleep quality) as children born preterm reached school age. The study also examined early child and family predictors of resilience. Using a prospective longitudinal design, 173 infants born preterm and without significant neurological complications were assessed at five time points: neonatal intensive care unit discharge, 9 months, 16 months, 24 months, and 6 years. Three pathways of adaptation emerged at 6 years: children who were resilient, those who remained at-risk, and children who exhibited significant difficulties. Resilient children were less likely to have experienced negative parenting at 9 and 16 months, more likely to delay gratification at 24 months, and more likely to experience neonatal health complications than nonresilient children.
早产出生的儿童在整个童年和青少年时期都面临着出现严重有害发育结果的风险。然而，个体差异和恢复力是早产人群的特征。本研究考察了早产儿童到学龄期时在多个领域（如社交活动、同伴关系、注意力缺陷多动障碍症状、外化和内化行为以及睡眠质量）中恢复力的途径。该研究还考察了儿童早期和家庭因素对恢复力的预测作用。采用前瞻性纵向设计，对173名早产且无重大神经并发症的婴儿在五个时间点进行评估：新生儿重症监护病房出院时、9个月、16个月、24个月和6岁。在6岁时出现了三种适应途径：恢复力强的儿童、仍处于风险中的儿童以及表现出严重困难的儿童。与恢复力弱的儿童相比，恢复力强的儿童在9个月和16个月时遭受负面养育的可能性较小，在24个月时更有可能延迟满足，并且更有可能经历新生儿健康并发症。
