Department of Social Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland.
J Adv Nurs. 2012 Feb;68(2):423-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05802.x. Epub 2011 Aug 16.
This paper is a report of a qualitative study which explored how nurse leaders described and understood their main tasks and roles during a change process.
During a database search for literature, no actual research that highlighted the main tasks and roles of nurse leaders during a change process was found. Earlier research has indicated the need for different leadership styles and the importance of strategies and values.
In-depth interviews with 17 nurse leaders took place in 2004. A phenomenological-hermeneutical approach was used for data analysis.
The findings resulted in a model of leading change in health care that focuses on good patient care and consists of three dimensions: leading relationships, leading processes and leading a culture. In addition to leading relationships and processes, nurse leaders, as role models, greatly impact caring culture and its inherent ethical behaviour, especially about the responsibility for achieving good patient care. Nurse leaders are also instrumental in leading ward culture.
Nurse leaders need guidance and knowledge of what is expected of them during a structural change process. They play different roles by directing, guiding, motivating, supporting and communicating without losing their cultural ethos of caring and use various leadership styles to bring about actual change, which, in turn, requires learning so that the thought patterns, values and attitudes of personnel can be changed.
本文是一项定性研究的报告，旨在探讨护理领导者在变革过程中如何描述和理解他们的主要任务和角色。
在数据库中搜索文献时，没有发现实际研究强调了护理领导者在变革过程中的主要任务和角色。早期的研究表明需要不同的领导风格以及策略和价值观的重要性。
2004 年对 17 名护理领导者进行了深入访谈。采用现象学-解释学方法进行数据分析。
研究结果形成了一个以关注良好患者护理为重点的医疗保健变革领导模式，由三个维度组成：领导关系、领导过程和领导文化。除了领导关系和过程之外，护理领导者作为榜样，对护理文化及其内在的伦理行为产生重大影响，特别是在实现良好患者护理方面的责任。护理领导者在领导病房文化方面也具有重要作用。
护理领导者在结构变革过程中需要指导和了解对他们的期望。他们通过指挥、指导、激励、支持和沟通来发挥不同的角色，而不会失去他们关怀的文化精神，并采用各种领导风格来实现实际变革，这反过来又需要学习，以便改变人员的思维模式、价值观和态度。
