Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Calle 64 N° 52-59. Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Aug 17;11:652. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-652.
Discrimination is an important determinant of health inequalities, and immigrants may be more vulnerable to certain types of discrimination than the native-born. This study analyses the relationship between immigrants' perceived discrimination and various self-reported health indicators.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted (2008) amongst a non-random sample of 2434 immigrants from Ecuador, Morocco, Romania and Colombia in four Spanish cities: Barcelona, Huelva, Madrid and Valencia. A factorial analysis of variables revealed three dimensions of perceived discrimination (due to immigrant status, due to physical appearance, and workplace-related). The association of these dimensions with self-rated health, mental health (GHQ-12), change in self-rated health between origin and host country, and other self-reported health outcomes was analysed. Logistic regression was used adjusting for potential confounders (aOR-95%CI). Subjects with worsening self-reported health status potentially attributable to perceived discrimination was estimated (population attributable proportion, PAP %).
73.3% of men and 69.3% of women immigrants reported discrimination due to immigrant status. Moroccans showed the highest prevalence of perceived discrimination. Immigrants reporting discrimination were at significantly higher risk of reporting health problems than those not reporting discrimination. Workplace-related discrimination was associated with poor mental health (aOR 2.97 95%CI 2.45-3.60), and the worsening of self-rated health (aOR 2.20 95%CI 1.73- 2.80). 40% (95% CI 24-53) PAP of those reporting worse self-rated health could be attributable to discrimination due to immigrant status.
Discrimination may constitute a risk factor for health in immigrant workers in Spain and could explain some health inequalities among immigrant populations in Spanish society.
歧视是健康不平等的一个重要决定因素，移民可能比本地人更容易受到某些类型的歧视。本研究分析了移民对歧视的感知与各种自我报告的健康指标之间的关系。
在西班牙的四个城市（巴塞罗那、韦尔瓦、马德里和巴伦西亚），对来自厄瓜多尔、摩洛哥、罗马尼亚和哥伦比亚的 2434 名非随机移民进行了横断面调查（2008 年）。对变量进行因子分析显示，感知歧视有三个维度（由于移民身份、由于外表和工作场所相关）。分析了这些维度与自我报告的健康、心理健康（GHQ-12）、原籍国和东道国之间自我报告的健康状况变化以及其他自我报告的健康结果之间的关系。使用调整潜在混杂因素的逻辑回归（调整后的比值比-95%可信区间，aOR-95%CI）。估计了由于感知歧视而可能导致自我报告的健康状况恶化的比例（人群归因比例，PAP%）。
73.3%的男性和 69.3%的女性移民报告了由于移民身份而受到歧视。摩洛哥人报告的感知歧视率最高。报告歧视的移民比未报告歧视的移民报告健康问题的风险显著更高。与工作场所相关的歧视与心理健康不佳有关（调整后的比值比 2.97，95%可信区间 2.45-3.60），以及自我报告的健康状况恶化（调整后的比值比 2.20，95%可信区间 1.73-2.80）。报告自我报告的健康状况恶化的人中，有 40%（95%可信区间 24-53）可能归因于由于移民身份而受到歧视。
歧视可能是西班牙移民工人健康的一个危险因素，并可能解释西班牙社会移民群体中一些健康不平等现象。
