Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Br J Nutr. 2012 Feb;107(4):473-84. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003308. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
It is appreciated far and wide that increased and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is linked with noteworthy anticancer benefits. Extensively consumed as a spice in foods and beverages worldwide, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an excellent source of several bioactive phenolics, including non-volatile pungent compounds such as gingerols, paradols, shogaols and gingerones. Ginger has been known to display anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, indicating its promising role as a chemopreventive agent. Here, we show that whole ginger extract (GE) exerts significant growth-inhibitory and death-inductory effects in a spectrum of prostate cancer cells. Comprehensive studies have confirmed that GE perturbed cell-cycle progression, impaired reproductive capacity, modulated cell-cycle and apoptosis regulatory molecules and induced a caspase-driven, mitochondrially mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Remarkably, daily oral feeding of 100 mg/kg body weight of GE inhibited growth and progression of PC-3 xenografts by approximately 56 % in nude mice, as shown by measurements of tumour volume. Tumour tissue from GE-treated mice showed reduced proliferation index and widespread apoptosis compared with controls, as determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods. Most importantly, GE did not exert any detectable toxicity in normal, rapidly dividing tissues such as gut and bone marrow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of whole GE for the management of prostate cancer.
人们普遍认为，增加和规律地食用水果和蔬菜与显著的抗癌益处有关。姜（Zingiber officinale Roscoe）作为一种在世界各地的食物和饮料中广泛使用的香料，是几种生物活性酚类物质的极好来源，包括非挥发性刺激性化合物，如姜酚、对丙烯基酚、姜烯酚和姜酮。姜已被证明具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗增殖活性，表明其作为化学预防剂具有广阔的应用前景。在这里，我们表明，整个生姜提取物（GE）对一系列前列腺癌细胞表现出显著的生长抑制和诱导死亡作用。全面的研究证实，GE 扰乱了细胞周期进程，损害了生殖能力，调节了细胞周期和细胞凋亡调节分子，并在人前列腺癌细胞中诱导了 caspase 驱动的线粒体介导的细胞凋亡。值得注意的是，每天口服 100mg/kg 体重的 GE 可抑制裸鼠中 PC-3 异种移植物的生长和进展，肿瘤体积测量显示抑制率约为 56%。与对照组相比，GE 处理的肿瘤组织显示增殖指数降低和广泛的细胞凋亡，通过免疫印迹和免疫组织化学方法确定。最重要的是，GE 对肠道和骨髓等正常、快速分裂的组织没有任何可检测到的毒性。据我们所知，这是第一个报告证明整个 GE 在管理前列腺癌方面具有体外和体内抗癌活性的报告。
