National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland.
Epidemiol Infect. 2012 Jan;140(1):1-13. doi: 10.1017/S095026881000316X. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
Environmental poliovirus surveillance (ENV) means monitoring of poliovirus (PV) transmission in human populations by examining environmental specimens supposedly contaminated by human faeces. The rationale is based on the fact that PV-infected individuals, whether presenting with disease symptoms or not, shed large amounts of PV in the faeces for several weeks. As the morbidity:infection ratio of PV infection is very low, this fact contributes to the sensitivity of ENV which under optimal conditions can be better than that of the standard acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. The World Health Organization has included ENV in the new Strategic Plan of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative for years 2010-2012 to be increasingly used in PV surveillance, supplementing AFP surveillance. In this paper we review the feasibility of using ENV to monitor wild PV and vaccine-derived PV circulation in human populations, based on global experiences in defined epidemiological situations.
环境脊灰病毒监测（ENV）是通过检查疑似被人类粪便污染的环境样本，监测人群中脊灰病毒（PV）传播的一种手段。其理论依据是感染 PV 的个体，无论是否出现疾病症状，都会在数周内从粪便中排出大量的 PV。由于 PV 感染的发病率：感染率非常低，这一事实提高了 ENV 的敏感性，在最佳条件下，ENV 的敏感性优于标准的急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测。世界卫生组织（WHO）已将 ENV 纳入 2010-2012 年全球根除脊髓灰质炎倡议新战略计划，用于日益增多的 PV 监测，以补充 AFP 监测。本文基于特定流行病学情况下的全球经验，综述了使用 ENV 监测人群中野生 PV 和疫苗衍生 PV 循环的可行性。
