Teagasc, Pig Production Development Unit, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, Co, Cork.
Ir Vet J. 2007 Jun 1;60(6):359-66. doi: 10.1186/2046-0481-60-6-359.
Many factors influence litter size. These include genetics, gilt management, lactation length, parity distribution, disease, stress and boar fertility. In the past 20 years, litter size in Irish sows has increased by only one pig. Born alive figures now average at 11.2 pigs per litter. In this regard, Ireland is falling behind our European competitors who have made significant advances over this time. Denmark, for example, has an average figure of 12.7 pigs born alive per litter and France an average of 12.5. The single area that could be improved immediately is sow feeding. It is important that sows are fed correctly throughout pregnancy. If over-fed during pregnancy, sows will have depressed appetite during lactation. If underfed in pregnancy, sows will be too thin at farrowing. The correct way to feed a pregnant sow is to match her feed allocation to her requirement for maintenance, body growth and growth of her developing foetuses. During lactation, sows should be given as much feed as they can eat to prevent excessive loss of body condition. Liquid-feed curves should be such that lactating sows are provided with a minimum mean daily feed supply of 6.2 kg. A small proportion of sows will eat more and this could be given as supplementary dry feed. Where dry feeding is practised in the farrowing house, it is difficult to hand-feed sows to match their appetite. Ideally ad libitum wet/dry feeders should be used. From weaning to service, sows should once again be fed ad libitum. If liquid feeding, this means giving at least 60 MJ DE (digestible energy) per day during this period. If dry feeding, at least 4 kg of lactation diet should be fed daily. The effort spent perfecting sow feeding management on units should yield high dividends in the form of increased pigs born alive per litter.
许多因素会影响产仔数。这些因素包括遗传、后备母猪管理、泌乳期长度、胎次分布、疾病、应激和公猪繁殖力。在过去20年里，爱尔兰母猪的产仔数仅增加了1头。目前每窝产活仔数平均为11.2头。在这方面，爱尔兰落后于我们的欧洲竞争对手，他们在此期间取得了显著进展。例如，丹麦每窝产活仔数平均为12.7头，法国为12.5头。可以立即改进的单一领域是母猪饲养。在整个妊娠期正确饲养母猪很重要。如果在妊娠期过度饲喂，母猪在泌乳期食欲会下降。如果在妊娠期饲喂不足，母猪分娩时会过于消瘦。饲养妊娠母猪的正确方法是根据其维持、身体生长和发育中胎儿生长的需求来匹配饲料分配。在泌乳期，应给母猪提供尽可能多的饲料，以防止体况过度下降。液体饲料曲线应使泌乳母猪的平均每日饲料供应量至少为6.2千克。一小部分母猪会吃得更多，可以给它们补充干饲料。在分娩舍采用干喂的情况下，很难人工饲喂母猪以满足它们的食欲。理想情况下，应使用自由采食的湿/干料槽。从断奶到配种，母猪应再次自由采食。如果采用液体饲喂，这意味着在此期间每天至少提供60兆焦可消化能量。如果采用干喂，每天应至少饲喂4千克泌乳期日粮。在猪场完善母猪饲养管理所付出的努力应以每窝产活仔数增加的形式带来丰厚回报。
