重症监护病房医护人员职业倦怠：与中心相关因素的多中心研究。
Burnout in ICU caregivers: a multicenter study of factors associated to centers.
机构信息
Service of Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
出版信息
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Nov 15;184(10):1140-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201101-0068OC.
RATIONALE
The stressful work environment of ICUs can lead to burnout. Burnout can impact on the welfare and performance of caregivers, and may lead them to resign their job. The shortage of ICU caregivers is becoming a real threat for health care leaders.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the factors associated with burnout on a national level in order to determine potential important factors.
METHODS
Prospective, multicenter, observational survey of all caregivers from 74 of the 92 Swiss ICUs, measuring the prevalence of burnout among the caregivers and the pre-specified center-, patient- and caregiver-related factors influencing its prevalence.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Out of the 4322 questionnaires distributed from March 2006 to April 2007, 3052 (71%) were returned, with a response rate of 72% by center, 69% from nurse-assistants, 73% from nurses and 69% from physicians. A high proportion of female nurses among the team was associated with a decreased individual risk of high burnout (OR 0.98, 95% CI:0.97-0.99 for every %). The caregiver-related factors associated with a high risk of burnout were being a nurse-assistant, being a male, having no children and being under 40 years old.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study seem to open a new frontier concerning burnout in ICUs, highlighting the importance of team composition. Our results should be confirmed in a prospective multicenter, multinational study. Whether our results can be exported to other medical settings where team-working is pivotal remains to be investigated.
背景
重症监护病房（ICU）的高压工作环境可导致医护人员 burnout（职业倦怠）。职业倦怠会影响医护人员的福利和工作表现，并可能导致他们辞职。ICU 医护人员短缺正成为医疗保健领导者面临的真正威胁。
目的
在全国范围内调查与 burnout 相关的因素，以确定潜在的重要因素。
方法
对来自瑞士 92 家 ICU 中的 74 家的所有医护人员进行前瞻性、多中心、观察性调查，测量医护人员 burnout 的患病率以及影响其患病率的中心、患者和医护人员相关因素。
测量和主要结果
在 2006 年 3 月至 2007 年 4 月期间，共发放了 4322 份问卷，回收了 3052 份（71%），中心的回复率为 72%，助理护士为 69%，护士为 73%，医生为 69%。团队中女性护士比例较高与个体发生高 burnout 的风险降低相关（OR 0.98，95%CI：0.97-0.99，每增加 1%）。与 burnout 高风险相关的医护人员相关因素包括助理护士、男性、无子女和年龄在 40 岁以下。
结论
本研究的结果似乎为 ICU 中的 burnout 开辟了一个新的领域，强调了团队构成的重要性。我们的结果应在一项前瞻性、多中心、多国研究中得到证实。我们的结果是否可以推广到其他团队合作至关重要的医疗环境中，仍有待调查。
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