Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Sep;22(9):1587-97. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010121284. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
Perturbations of cellular and systemic osmolarity severely challenge the function of all organisms and are consequently regulated very tightly. Here we outline current evidence on how cells sense volume perturbations, with particular focus on mechanisms relevant to the kidneys and to extracellular osmolarity and whole body volume homeostasis. There are a variety of molecular signals that respond to perturbations in cell volume and osmosensors or volume sensors responding to these signals. The early signals of volume perturbation include integrins, the cytoskeleton, receptor tyrosine kinases, and transient receptor potential channels. We also present current evidence on the localization and function of central and peripheral systemic osmosensors and conclude with a brief look at the still limited evidence on pathophysiological conditions associated with deranged sensing of cell volume.
细胞和全身渗透压的紊乱严重挑战了所有生物体的功能，因此受到非常严格的调节。在这里，我们概述了目前关于细胞如何感知体积变化的证据，特别关注与肾脏以及细胞外渗透压和全身容量稳态相关的机制。有多种分子信号可以响应细胞体积的变化，而渗透压感受器或体积感受器则可以响应这些信号。体积变化的早期信号包括整合素、细胞骨架、受体酪氨酸激酶和瞬时受体电位通道。我们还介绍了目前关于中枢和外周全身渗透压感受器的定位和功能的证据，并简要回顾了与细胞体积感知障碍相关的病理生理状况的有限证据。
