Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2011 Oct;101(10):1922-9. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300167. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors-never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption-and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States.
We used data from 16958 participants aged 17 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study from 1988 to 2006.
The number of low-risk behaviors was inversely related to the risk for mortality. Compared with participants who had no low-risk behaviors, those who had all 4 experienced reduced all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.28, 0.49), mortality from malignant neoplasms (AHR=0.34; 95% CI=0.20, 0.56), major cardiovascular disease (AHR=0.35; 95% CI=0.24, 0.50), and other causes (AHR=0.43; 95% CI=0.25, 0.74). The rate advancement periods, representing the equivalent risk from a certain number of years of chronological age, for participants who had all 4 high-risk behaviors compared with those who had none were 11.1 years for all-cause mortality, 14.4 years for malignant neoplasms, 9.9 years for major cardiovascular disease, and 10.6 years for other causes.
Low-risk lifestyle factors exert a powerful and beneficial effect on mortality.
我们研究了美国代表性人群中 4 种低风险行为（从不吸烟、健康饮食、适度体力活动和适量饮酒）与死亡率之间的关系。
我们使用了 1988 年至 2006 年国家健康和营养调查 III 死亡率研究中 16958 名 17 岁及以上参与者的数据。
低风险行为的数量与死亡率的风险呈负相关。与没有低风险行为的参与者相比，拥有所有 4 种低风险行为的参与者全因死亡率降低（调整后的危险比[AHR]=0.37；95%置信区间[CI]=0.28，0.49）、恶性肿瘤死亡率（AHR=0.34；95%CI=0.20，0.56）、主要心血管疾病死亡率（AHR=0.35；95%CI=0.24，0.50）和其他原因死亡率（AHR=0.43；95%CI=0.25，0.74）。与没有任何高风险行为的参与者相比，具有所有 4 种高风险行为的参与者的率进展期（代表一定年限的等效风险）分别为全因死亡率 11.1 年、恶性肿瘤 14.4 年、主要心血管疾病 9.9 年和其他原因 10.6 年。
低风险生活方式因素对死亡率有强大而有益的影响。
