Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Prev Med. 2012 Jul;55(1):23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.016. Epub 2012 Apr 29.
To examine the links between three fundamental healthy lifestyle behaviors (not smoking, healthy diet, and adequate physical activity) and all-cause mortality in a national sample of adults in the United States.
We used data from 8375 U.S. participants aged ≥ 20 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 who were followed through 2006.
During a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, 745 deaths occurred. Compared with their counterparts, the risk for all-cause mortality was reduced by 56% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35%-70%) among adults who were nonsmokers, 47% (95% CI: 36%, 57%) among adults who were physically active, and 26% (95% CI: 4%, 42%) among adults who consumed a healthy diet. Compared with participants who had no healthy behaviors, the risk decreased progressively as the number of healthy behaviors increased. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval were 0.60 (0.38, 0.95), 0.45 (0.30, 0.67), and 0.18 (0.11, 0.29) for 1, 2, and 3 healthy behaviors, respectively.
Adults who do not smoke, consume a healthy diet, and engage in sufficient physical activity can substantially reduce their risk for early death.
在美国成年人的全国样本中，研究三种基本健康生活方式行为（不吸烟、健康饮食和适量身体活动）与全因死亡率之间的联系。
我们使用了来自美国国家健康与营养调查 1999-2002 年年龄≥20 岁的 8375 名参与者的数据，这些参与者在 2006 年之前进行了随访。
在平均 5.7 年的随访期间，有 745 人死亡。与他们的同龄人相比，不吸烟者全因死亡率的风险降低了 56%（95%置信区间[CI]：35%-70%），身体活跃者全因死亡率的风险降低了 47%（95%CI：36%，57%），健康饮食者全因死亡率的风险降低了 26%（95%CI：4%，42%）。与没有健康行为的参与者相比，随着健康行为数量的增加，风险逐渐降低。调整后的危险比和 95%置信区间分别为 0.60（0.38，0.95）、0.45（0.30，0.67）和 0.18（0.11，0.29），分别对应 1、2 和 3 种健康行为。
不吸烟、健康饮食和进行足够身体活动的成年人可以大大降低早逝的风险。
