Hauser W A
G.H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Neurology. 1990 May;40(5 Suppl 2):9-13.
Status epilepticus (SE) will occur in 50,000 to 60,000 individuals in the United States annually: one third as the presenting symptom in patients with a 1st unprovoked seizure or with epilepsy, one third in patients with established epilepsy, and one third in individuals with no history of epilepsy. The greatest number of cases will occur in children, although the risk is equally high in the over-60 population. In patients with epilepsy, SE is more likely to occur in those with partial seizures and in those with remote symptomatic epilepsy. The presence of a preexisting neurologic abnormality is associated with an increased risk of SE in those with acute systemic insults. There is a high mortality reported, but this is related predominantly to the underlying condition. The 1 to 2% mortality attributed to SE probably reflects an overestimation of the risk. There is an increased risk of seizures and of intellectual dysfunction following the occurrence of an episode of SE, although the causal association is not clear. Individuals with epilepsy who experience an episode of SE probably have a lower likelihood of remission of epilepsy.
在美国，每年有5万至6万人会发生癫痫持续状态（SE）：其中三分之一是首次无诱因发作或患有癫痫的患者的首发症状，三分之一发生在已确诊癫痫的患者中，三分之一发生在无癫痫病史的个体中。尽管60岁以上人群的风险同样高，但儿童中发生的病例数量最多。在癫痫患者中，SE更有可能发生在部分性发作患者和有远期症状性癫痫的患者中。既往存在神经功能异常与急性全身性损伤患者发生SE的风险增加有关。据报道，SE的死亡率很高，但这主要与潜在疾病有关。归因于SE的1%至2%的死亡率可能反映了对风险的高估。SE发作后癫痫发作和智力功能障碍的风险增加，尽管因果关系尚不清楚。经历过SE发作的癫痫患者癫痫缓解的可能性可能较低。
