Gesteira Tarsis F, Coulson-Thomas Vivien Jane, Ogata Fernando T, Farias Eduardo H C, Cavalheiro Renan P, de Lima Marcelo A, Cunha Gabriel L A, Nakayasu Ernesto S, Almeida Igor C, Toma Leny, Nader Helena B
Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Dec;1814(12):1862-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.07.024. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
Proteoglycans encompass a heterogeneous group of glycoconjugates where proteins are substituted with linear, highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans are ubiquitous to the animal kingdom of the Eukarya domain. Information on the distribution and characterisation of proteoglycans in invertebrate tissues is limited and restricted to a few species. By the use of multidimensional protein identification technology and immunohistochemistry, this study shows for the first time the presence and tissue localisation of different proteoglycans, such as perlecan, aggrecan, and heparan sulphate proteoglycan, amongst others, in organs of the gastropoda Achatina fulica. Through a proteomic analysis of Golgi proteins and immunohistochemistry of tissue sections, we detected the machinery involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, related to polymer formation (polymerases), as well as secondary modifications (sulphation and uronic acid epimerization). Therefore, this work not only identifies both the proteoglycan core proteins and glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic enzymes in invertebrates but also provides a novel method for the study of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan evolution.
蛋白聚糖是一类异质性的糖缀合物，其中蛋白质被线性的、高度带负电荷的糖胺聚糖链取代。硫酸化糖胺聚糖在真核生物域的动物界中普遍存在。关于蛋白聚糖在无脊椎动物组织中的分布和特征的信息有限，且仅限于少数物种。通过使用多维蛋白质鉴定技术和免疫组织化学，本研究首次展示了不同蛋白聚糖，如基底膜聚糖、聚集蛋白聚糖和硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖等，在腹足纲物种褐云玛瑙螺器官中的存在及组织定位。通过对高尔基体蛋白进行蛋白质组学分析和对组织切片进行免疫组织化学，我们检测到了参与糖胺聚糖生物合成的机制，这与聚合物形成（聚合酶）以及二级修饰（硫酸化和糖醛酸差向异构化）有关。因此，这项工作不仅鉴定了无脊椎动物中的蛋白聚糖核心蛋白和糖胺聚糖生物合成酶，还为研究糖胺聚糖和蛋白聚糖的进化提供了一种新方法。
