Department of Neurophysics, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2012 Aug 15;62(2):632-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.074. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
The introduction of functional MRI at NIH in 1992 was the outcome of research goals first formulated by Turner in 1983. Between 1988 and 1990, Turner worked at NIH on actively-shielded gradient coils and the implementation of EPI-based techniques, especially diffusion-weighted EPI. His work on hypoxia in cat brain in 1990 directly inspired Ken Kwong's demonstration of BOLD contrast in humans at MGH in May 1991. Turner collaborated actively with this MGH team, the first group to map entirely noninvasively human brain activity due to visual stimulation. He introduced BOLD fMRI at NIH in February 1992. This paper reviews the steps that led up to BOLD EPI, and Turner's initial applications of BOLD fMRI at NIH.
1992 年,Turner 在 NIH 引入功能磁共振成像(fMRI),这是他早在 1983 年就设定的研究目标的结果。1988 年至 1990 年期间,Turner 在 NIH 从事主动屏蔽梯度线圈和基于 EPI 的技术(特别是扩散加权 EPI)的研究。他 1990 年在猫脑缺氧方面的工作直接启发了 Kwong 于 1991 年 5 月在 MGH 进行的人体 BOLD 对比演示。Turner 积极与 MGH 团队合作,该团队是第一个成功绘制出完全无创的人类大脑因视觉刺激而产生的活动的团队。他于 1992 年 2 月在 NIH 引入 BOLD fMRI。本文回顾了 BOLD EPI 出现之前的步骤,以及 Turner 最初在 NIH 应用 BOLD fMRI 的情况。