Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Nov;31(7):1156-68. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.007. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Human behavior can be organized around two fundamental motivational principles: the desire to approach positive outcomes and the desire to avoid negative outcomes. Both approach and avoidance motivation are relevant to a range of psychopathology, including depression. However, with some notable exceptions, avoidance processes have been underemphasized in the literature on motivational processes in depression. This review will examine the roles that approach and avoidance play in depression and will present an integrative model of approach and avoidance processes in depression. Both approach deficits and avoidance motivation are argued to play a role in limiting positive experiences and reinforcement for non-depressed behavior, contributing to the onset and maintenance of depression. In addition, avoidance processes are argued to play a role in negative information processing biases that may increase vulnerability to the onset and recurrence of depression. Lastly, avoidance processes and dysregulation in the connections between the approach and avoidance systems may contribute to depression by promoting inappropriate perseveration in the pursuit of unattainable approach goals. Theoretical rationales and empirical evidence for each of these roles are presented. Understanding the roles that both approach and avoidance play in depression may help to inform current conceptualizations of depression and improve treatment outcomes.
追求积极结果的欲望和避免消极结果的欲望。接近和回避动机都与一系列精神病理学有关，包括抑郁症。然而，除了一些值得注意的例外，回避过程在抑郁症中的动机过程文献中被低估了。这篇综述将探讨接近和回避在抑郁症中的作用，并提出一个抑郁症中接近和回避过程的综合模型。接近不足和回避动机都被认为在限制积极体验和强化非抑郁行为方面发挥作用，导致抑郁症的发生和维持。此外，回避过程被认为在消极信息处理偏差中发挥作用，这种偏差可能增加抑郁症发作和复发的脆弱性。最后，回避过程和接近回避系统之间连接的失调可能通过促进对无法实现的接近目标的不适当坚持，从而导致抑郁症。提出了这些作用中的每一个的理论依据和实证证据。了解接近和回避在抑郁症中的作用，可能有助于为当前的抑郁症概念化提供信息，并改善治疗结果。
