Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ophthalmology. 2011 Oct;118(10):1974-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.031. Epub 2011 Aug 19.
To evaluate risk factors for astigmatism in a population-based sample of preschool children.
Population-based cross-sectional study.
Population-based samples of 9970 children ages 6 to 72 months from Los Angeles County, California, and Baltimore, Maryland.
A cross-sectional study of children participating in the Multiethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Eye Disease Study was completed. Data were obtained by clinical examination or by in-person interview. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate potential associations between clinical, behavioral, or demographic factors and astigmatism.
Odds ratios (ORs) for various risk factors associated with astigmatism.
Participants with myopia (≤-1.0 diopters) were 4.6 times as likely to have astigmatism (95% CI, 3.56-5.96) than those without refractive error, whereas participants with hyperopia (≥+2.00 diopters) were 1.6 times as likely (95% CI, 1.39-1.94). Children 6 to <12 months of age were approximately 3 times as likely to have astigmatism than children 5 to 6 years of age (95% CI, 2.28-3.73). Both Hispanic (OR, 2.38) and African-American (OR, 1.47) children were as likely to have astigmatism than non-Hispanic white children. Furthermore, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were 1.46 times (95% CI, 1.14-1.87) as likely to have astigmatism than children whose mothers did not smoke.
In addition to infancy, Hispanic and African-American race/ethnicity and correctable/modifiable risk factors such as myopia, hyperopia, and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of having astigmatism. Although the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy is typically low, this association may suggest etiologic pathways for future investigation.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
评估学龄前儿童中基于人群的散光风险因素。
基于人群的横断面研究。
加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县和马里兰州巴尔的摩市的 9970 名 6 至 72 月龄儿童的基于人群的样本。
对参加多民族儿科眼病研究和巴尔的摩眼病研究的儿童进行了一项横断面研究。通过临床检查或面对面访谈获得数据。计算比值比（OR）和 95％置信区间（CI），以评估临床、行为或人口统计学因素与散光之间的潜在关联。
与散光相关的各种风险因素的比值比（OR）。
近视（≤-1.0 屈光度）参与者发生散光的可能性是无屈光不正参与者的 4.6 倍（95％CI，3.56-5.96），而远视（≥+2.00 屈光度）参与者发生散光的可能性是无屈光不正参与者的 1.6 倍（95％CI，1.39-1.94）。6 至<12 个月龄的儿童发生散光的可能性约为 5 至 6 岁儿童的 3 倍（95％CI，2.28-3.73）。西班牙裔（OR，2.38）和非裔美国人（OR，1.47）儿童与非西班牙裔白人儿童发生散光的可能性相同。此外，母亲在怀孕期间吸烟的儿童发生散光的可能性是母亲不吸烟的儿童的 1.46 倍（95％CI，1.14-1.87）。
除了婴儿期之外，西班牙裔和非裔美国人种族/民族以及可矫正/可改变的危险因素，如近视、远视和母亲在怀孕期间吸烟，与散光风险增加有关。尽管怀孕期间吸烟的患病率通常较低，但这种关联可能提示未来进行病因学研究的途径。
作者没有与本文讨论的任何材料有关的专有或商业利益。
