6 至 72 月龄的非裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童近视和远视的患病率：多民族儿科眼病研究。
Prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in 6- to 72-month-old african american and Hispanic children: the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease study.
出版信息
Ophthalmology. 2010 Jan;117(1):140-147.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.06.009. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
PURPOSE
To determine the age-, gender-, and ethnicity-specific prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in African American and Hispanic children aged 6 to 72 months.
DESIGN
Population-based cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS
The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study is a population-based evaluation of the prevalence of vision disorders in children aged 6 to 72 months in Los Angeles County, California. Seventy-seven percent of eligible children completed a comprehensive eye examination. This report focuses on results from 2994 African American and 3030 Hispanic children.
METHODS
Eligible children in 44 census tracts were identified during an in-home interview and scheduled for a comprehensive eye examination and in-clinic interview. Cycloplegic autorefraction was used to determine refractive error.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The proportion of children with spherical equivalent (SE) myopia </= -1.00 diopter (D) and SE hyperopia >/= +2.00 D in the worse eye. Prevalence of myopia and hyperopia is also reported using alternative threshold definitions.
RESULTS
Prevalence of myopia was higher in African American (6.6%) compared with Hispanic children (3.7%; P<0.001). Hispanics showed a higher prevalence of hyperopia than African American children (26.9% vs. 20.8% respectively, P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia showed a significant decreasing trend with age (P<0.001). Hyperopia prevalence reached a low point at approximately 24 months of age but increased and remained higher than that thereafter. No significant gender differences were found in the prevalence of refractive error for either ethnic group.
CONCLUSIONS
We observed ethnicity-related differences in both hyperopia and myopia prevalence in preschool children. The age-related decrease in myopia prevalence in preschool children could reflect early emmetropization and contrasts with the increase in myopia prevalence known to occur in older school-aged children. The limits of emmetropization are evident, however, in the persistently elevated prevalence of hyperopia beyond 24 months of age.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
目的
确定 6 至 72 个月大的非裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童的近视和远视的年龄、性别和种族特异性流行率。
设计
基于人群的横断面研究。
参与者
多民族儿科眼病研究是对加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县 6 至 72 个月大儿童视力障碍流行率的基于人群的评估。77%的合格儿童完成了全面的眼部检查。本报告重点介绍了 2994 名非裔美国人和 3030 名西班牙裔儿童的结果。
方法
在家庭访谈期间识别出 44 个普查区的合格儿童，并安排他们进行全面的眼部检查和门诊访谈。睫状肌麻痹自动折射用于确定屈光不正。
主要观察结果
最差眼的等效球镜（SE）近视</= -1.00 屈光度（D）和 SE 远视> = +2.00 D 的儿童比例。也使用替代阈值定义报告近视和远视的患病率。
结果
非裔美国人（6.6%）的近视患病率高于西班牙裔儿童（3.7%；P<0.001）。与非裔美国儿童相比，西班牙裔儿童的远视患病率更高（分别为 26.9%和 20.8%，均 P<0.001）。近视患病率随年龄呈显著下降趋势（P<0.001）。远视患病率在大约 24 个月时达到最低点，但此后增加并保持较高水平。在两个种族群体中，屈光不正的患病率均无明显的性别差异。
结论
我们观察到学龄前儿童中与种族相关的远视和近视患病率差异。学龄前儿童近视患病率的年龄相关下降可能反映了早期正视化，与已知在年龄较大的学龄儿童中发生的近视患病率增加形成对比。然而，24 个月后远视患病率持续升高表明正视化的限制是明显的。
利益冲突披露
作者在本文讨论的任何材料中均没有专有或商业利益。
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