Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Oct;25(10):2818-27. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318229c32d.
In previous work, cortical activity decreased with fatigue following novel movements or small muscle group actions. These muscle actions, however, do not appear related to the cortical activity seen with biologically relevant and highly trained movement patterns (i.e., ingrained patterns). The cortical recovery response to ingrained patterns-and how it differs with altered load, speed, or volume - is unknown. The purpose of this balanced, within-group study was to investigate differences in cortical activity 24 hours after physically distinct variations of a highly trained squat exercise (n = 7, minimum 4 years resistance training experience). Four resistance protocols were chosen: rate of force development (PWR, 6 × 3 squat jumps at 30% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]); magnitude of force development (FOR, 6 × 3 squat at 95% of 1RM); volume of force development (VOL, 6 × 10 squat at 80% of their 1RM); and control (CTRL, 6 sets unracking an empty bar). Twenty-four hours later, subjects performed a peak isometric squat while electroencephalographic and biochemical markers of exertion and fatigue were obtained. Global field power detected the quantity of activity superficial to motor regions. Waveforms of activity throughout the isometric squats were obtained and grand averages calculated to produce quantitative depictions of cortical activity. Significance was P ≤ 0.05. Peak isometric squat force was not statistically different 24 hours postexercise (Force [N]: PWR: 2828.79 ± 461.17; FOR: 2887.64 ± 453.09; VOL: 2910.17 ± 625.81; CTRL 2768.53 ± 374.85). Subjects produced similar and characteristic cortical activity patterns during isometric squats despite varying indices of fatigue. Differences were observed based upon the use or nonuse of aerobic endurance exercise in their training program. Patterns of activity in data seem to have emerged based on differences in training preference. Global Field Power (uV) during the isometric squat for PWR was 26.98 ± 14.64; FOR 24.06 ± 19.05; VOL 23.05 ± 13.37; and CTRL 15.78 ± 8.11. Previous research suggests that cortical activity decreases with physical activity; however, despite substantial endocrine, perceptual, and biomechanical differences between protocols, cortical activity was not decreased below control during the performance of a maximal isometric squat 24 hours after various exercise protocols.
在之前的工作中，新的运动或小肌肉群动作后，皮质活动随着疲劳而减少。然而，这些肌肉动作似乎与生物相关且高度训练的运动模式（即根深蒂固的模式）中看到的皮质活动无关。关于根深蒂固的模式的皮质恢复反应——以及它如何因负荷、速度或量的变化而不同——是未知的。本平衡、组内研究的目的是调查高度训练的深蹲运动的物理变化 24 小时后皮质活动的差异（n = 7，至少 4 年抗阻训练经验）。选择了四种阻力方案：力的发展速率（PWR，30%的 1 次重复最大力量[1RM]进行 6×3 深蹲跳）；力的发展幅度（FOR，95%的 1RM 进行 6×3 深蹲）；力的发展量（VOL，80%的 1RM 进行 6×10 深蹲）；和对照组（CTRL，空杠铃架 6 组）。24 小时后，受试者进行了最大等长深蹲，同时获得了运动和疲劳的脑电图和生化标志物。全局场功率检测到运动区域表面的活动量。获得了整个等长深蹲期间的活动波形，并计算了总平均值，以产生皮质活动的定量描述。显著性为 P≤0.05。运动后 24 小时最大等长深蹲力无统计学差异（力[N]：PWR：2828.79±461.17；FOR：2887.64±453.09；VOL：2910.17±625.81；CTRL：2768.53±374.85）。尽管疲劳指数不同，受试者在等长深蹲期间仍产生相似且特征性的皮质活动模式。基于他们的训练计划中是否使用或不使用有氧耐力运动观察到差异。根据训练偏好的不同，数据中的活动模式似乎已经出现。在等长深蹲期间，PWR 的全局场功率（uV）为 26.98±14.64；FOR 为 24.06±19.05；VOL 为 23.05±13.37；CTRL 为 15.78±8.11。之前的研究表明，皮质活动随体力活动减少；然而，尽管在协议之间存在明显的内分泌、感知和生物力学差异，但在各种运动协议后 24 小时进行最大等长深蹲时，皮质活动并未低于对照水平。
