Nicoletti P
Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
Adv Biotechnol Processes. 1990;13:147-68.
Vaccination has played an enormous role in reducing brucellosis in many countries. It is certain to continue to be the preeminent factor in control of the disease in others. The search for an ideal vaccine continues. Live vaccines have proved to be superior to inactivated products. They are effective, inexpensive, and immunity is more persistent. The disadvantages of postvaccinal antibodies can be minimized by reduction of previously recommended doses and through use of supplemental diagnostic tests. These procedures now make entire population vaccination of great practical significance with many advantages over limited use of the strains 19 and Rev. 1. Adult animal vaccination should be much more extensive in many countries. A live B. suis strain 2 vaccine developed in China deserves much additional evaluation, including use in swine, for which no satisfactory vaccine exists. It is generally agreed that cell-mediated responses are the dominant aspect of immunogenesis. However, the correlates that have frequently been used--dermal hypersensitivity and lymphocyte stimulation in vitro--appear to be poor indices of cell-mediated immunity in brucellosis. Many studies have shown that postvaccinal antibodies do not predict subsequent immunity. There is a great need for simple in vivo or in vitro methods to measure CMI. While vaccination of humans may be useful in control of brucellosis in some high-risk occupations, the ultimate success is dependent upon reduction of this very important zoonosis in natural hosts. This is most effectively accomplished by widespread use of vaccination.
疫苗接种在许多国家减少布鲁氏菌病方面发挥了巨大作用。在其他国家，它肯定仍将是控制该病的首要因素。对理想疫苗的探索仍在继续。事实证明，活疫苗优于灭活疫苗。它们有效、廉价，且免疫力更持久。通过减少先前推荐的剂量以及使用补充诊断测试，可以将疫苗接种后抗体的缺点降至最低。这些程序现在使整个人群接种疫苗具有重大实际意义，与有限使用19号菌株和Rev. 1菌株相比有许多优势。在许多国家，成年动物的疫苗接种应更加广泛。中国研制的猪布鲁氏菌2号活菌苗值得进行更多评估，包括在猪身上的应用，因为目前尚无令人满意的猪用疫苗。人们普遍认为细胞介导的反应是免疫发生的主要方面。然而，经常使用的相关指标——皮肤超敏反应和体外淋巴细胞刺激——似乎是布鲁氏菌病中细胞介导免疫的不良指标。许多研究表明，疫苗接种后的抗体并不能预测随后的免疫力。非常需要简单的体内或体外方法来测量细胞介导免疫。虽然在某些高风险职业中对人类进行疫苗接种可能有助于控制布鲁氏菌病，但最终的成功取决于在自然宿主中减少这种非常重要的人畜共患病。通过广泛使用疫苗接种可以最有效地实现这一点。
