University of Liverpool, School of Music, 80-82 Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7WW, United Kingdom.
Emotion. 2011 Aug;11(4):921-37. doi: 10.1037/a0024700.
We sustain that the structure of affect elicited by music is largely dependent on dynamic temporal patterns in low-level music structural parameters. In support of this claim, we have previously provided evidence that spatiotemporal dynamics in psychoacoustic features resonate with two psychological dimensions of affect underlying judgments of subjective feelings: arousal and valence. In this article we extend our previous investigations in two aspects. First, we focus on the emotions experienced rather than perceived while listening to music. Second, we evaluate the extent to which peripheral feedback in music can account for the predicted emotional responses, that is, the role of physiological arousal in determining the intensity and valence of musical emotions. Akin to our previous findings, we will show that a significant part of the listeners' reported emotions can be predicted from a set of six psychoacoustic features--loudness, pitch level, pitch contour, tempo, texture, and sharpness. Furthermore, the accuracy of those predictions is improved with the inclusion of physiological cues--skin conductance and heart rate. The interdisciplinary work presented here provides a new methodology to the field of music and emotion research based on the combination of computational and experimental work, which aid the analysis of the emotional responses to music, while offering a platform for the abstract representation of those complex relationships. Future developments may aid specific areas, such as, psychology and music therapy, by providing coherent descriptions of the emotional effects of specific music stimuli.
我们认为，音乐所引起的情感结构在很大程度上取决于低层次音乐结构参数中的动态时间模式。为了支持这一说法，我们之前已经提供了证据，表明心理声学特征中的时空动态与影响主观感受判断的情感的两个心理维度：唤醒度和愉悦度产生共鸣。在本文中，我们从两个方面扩展了之前的研究。首先，我们关注的是聆听音乐时所体验到的情感，而不是感知到的情感。其次，我们评估音乐中的外周反馈在多大程度上可以解释预测的情感反应，即生理唤醒在确定音乐情感的强度和愉悦度方面的作用。与我们之前的发现类似，我们将表明，听众报告的情感的很大一部分可以从一组六个心理声学特征中预测得出——响度、音高水平、音高轮廓、节奏、纹理和尖锐度。此外，通过包含生理线索——皮肤电导和心率，可以提高这些预测的准确性。这里呈现的跨学科工作提供了一种新的方法，该方法基于计算和实验工作的结合，为分析音乐的情感反应提供了帮助，同时为这些复杂关系的抽象表示提供了一个平台。未来的发展可能会通过为特定音乐刺激的情感效果提供连贯的描述，为心理学和音乐治疗等特定领域提供帮助。
