Department of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Pembroke St, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2011 Aug;5(4):537-46; quiz 547. doi: 10.1586/ers.11.40.
Although cannabis (or marijuana) is the world's most widely-used illicit drug, there has been surprisingly little research into its effects on respiratory health. Part of the problem is the inherent difficulty of studying the long-term effects of an illegal habit. It has often been assumed that smoking cannabis will have similar long-term effects to smoking tobacco. Several recent observational studies suggest that this is not the case and that cannabis has quite different effects on the lung function. There are consistent findings that smoking cannabis is associated with large airway inflammation, symptoms of bronchitis, increased airway resistance and lung hyperinflation. The evidence that smoking cannabis leads to features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as airflow obstruction and emphysema is not convincing. However, there are numerous case reports of bullous emphysema among cannabis smokers. These findings have not been confirmed in systematic analytical studies and probably represent uncommon adverse effects in very heavy cannabis smokers. There is now additional controversial evidence that cannabis is at least an occasional cause of respiratory malignancies, but again the evidence is inconclusive.
尽管大麻（或 marijuana）是世界上使用最广泛的非法药物，但对其对呼吸道健康的影响的研究却少得惊人。部分问题在于研究非法习惯的长期影响固有困难。人们通常认为吸食大麻会产生与吸烟类似的长期影响。最近的几项观察性研究表明，事实并非如此，大麻对肺部功能有截然不同的影响。有一致的研究结果表明，吸食大麻会导致大气道炎症、支气管炎症状、气道阻力增加和肺过度充气。吸烟大麻会导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病（如气流阻塞和肺气肿）的证据并不令人信服。然而，有大量报告称大麻吸食者患有大疱性肺气肿。这些发现尚未在系统分析研究中得到证实，可能代表了非常重度大麻吸食者中罕见的不良反应。现在还有一些有争议的证据表明，大麻至少偶尔会导致呼吸道恶性肿瘤，但证据仍不明确。
