Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2011 Aug;5(4):549-59. doi: 10.1586/ers.11.43.
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) are common, can result in emergency department presentation and often result in hospitalization. After confirming the diagnosis and treating comorbidities, management of severe AECOPD includes bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, noninvasive ventilation and, occasionally, endotracheal intubation. Once discharged, delayed follow-up and suboptimal management often occurs. Antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids and optimization of nonpharmacological interventions (e.g., smoking cessation, immunization and pulmonary rehabilitation) are important discharge considerations. Improving linkages to primary providers who adhere to management involving a pharmacological and nonpharmacological evidence-based treatment plan is critical to preventing future AECOPDs, reducing healthcare utilization and maintaining the quality of life of patients following an AECOPD.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重（AECOPDs）很常见，可导致患者到急诊就诊，通常还需要住院治疗。在确诊和治疗合并症后，严重 AECOPD 的管理包括支气管扩张剂、全身皮质类固醇、抗生素、无创通气，偶尔还需要气管插管。一旦出院，常常会出现延迟随访和管理不佳的情况。抗生素、全身皮质类固醇和优化非药物干预措施（例如，戒烟、免疫接种和肺康复）是出院时需要考虑的重要事项。改善与坚持基于药物和非药物循证治疗方案的管理的初级保健提供者之间的联系，对于预防未来的 AECOPD、减少医疗保健利用以及在 AECOPD 后维持患者的生活质量至关重要。
