Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, D-76829 Landau/Palatinate, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2011 Nov;85(10):1563-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.060. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
Production and use of engineered nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO(2)), is increasing worldwide, enhancing their probability to enter aquatic environments. However, direct effects of nTiO(2) as well as ecotoxicological consequences due to the interactions of nTiO(2) with environmental factors like ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on representatives of detrital food webs have not been assessed so far. Hence, the present study displayed for the first time adverse sublethal effects of nTiO(2) at concentrations as low as 0.2 mg L(-1) on the leaf shredding amphipod Gammarus fossarum both in presence and absence of ambient UV-irradiation following a 7-d exposure. In absence of UV-irradiation, however, the effects seemed to be driven by accumulation of nTiO(2) at the bottom of the test vessels to which the gammarids were potentially exposed. The adverse sublethal and lethal effects on gammarids caused by the combined application of nTiO(2) and ambient UV-irradiation are suggested to be driven by the formation of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, both the accumulation of nTiO(2) at the bottom of the test vessel and the UV induced formation of reactive oxygen species clearly affected its ecotoxicity, which is recommended for consideration in the environmental risk assessment of nanoparticles.
生产和使用工程纳米粒子，如二氧化钛纳米粒子（nTiO（2）），在全球范围内不断增加，增加了它们进入水生环境的可能性。然而，迄今为止，尚未评估 nTiO（2）的直接影响以及由于 nTiO（2）与环境因素（如紫外线（UV）辐射）的相互作用对碎屑食物网代表生物产生的生态毒理学后果。因此，本研究首次显示，在存在和不存在环境 UV 辐射的情况下，低至 0.2mg/L 的浓度下，nTiO（2）对 7 天暴露的叶屑片脚类动物食碎屑的淡水溞 Gammarus fossarum 产生了亚致死和不利影响。然而，在没有 UV 辐射的情况下，这些影响似乎是由 nTiO（2）在测试容器底部的积累引起的，食碎屑的淡水溞可能会接触到这些 nTiO（2）。nTiO（2）和环境 UV 辐射联合应用对淡水溞造成的亚致死和致死影响，据推测是由活性氧物质的形成引起的。总之，nTiO（2）在测试容器底部的积累和 UV 诱导的活性氧物质的形成都明显影响了其生态毒性，这在纳米颗粒的环境风险评估中应予以考虑。
