Department of Health, Behavior and Society, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Addict Behav. 2011 Dec;36(12):1282-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.046. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
Despite reports of increasing non-medical prescription drug use, relatively few studies have systematically evaluated the prevalence and correlates of non-medical prescription drug use, particularly in populations that might be especially vulnerable (e.g., injection drug users [IDUs]). We examined factors associated with non-medical prescription drug use among a community-based cohort of current and former IDUs in Baltimore (The ALIVE Study). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from cohort participants that responded to a survey that included questions on non-medical prescription drug use between 2005-06 (n=1320). Non-medical prescription drug use was considered to be use of any of the following: Opiates (Oxycontin, Percocet), Benzodiazepines or Clonidine, purchased on the street and taken orally within the last six months. Data on other covariates of interest (e.g., demographics, substance use, general health) was obtained through a standardized interview. The median age was 46 years; 66% were male, 85% were African-American. Twenty one percent reported any non-medical prescription drug use; 12% reported using more than one drug. Non-medical use of opiates was most common (17%). In multivariate analysis, non-medical prescription drug use was significantly associated with Caucasian race (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.79), self-reported bodily pain (PR: 1.58), hazardous alcohol use (PR: 1.47), marijuana use (PR: 1.65), non-injection cocaine/heroin use (PR: 1.70), diverted use of buprenorphine (PR: 1.51) or methadone (PR: 2.51), and active injection drug use (PR: 3.50; p<0.05 for all). The association between bodily pain and non-medical prescription drug use was stronger among persons that were not using substances (marijuana, injecting drugs, snorting/smoking heroin, cocaine, using crack) as compared to those using these substances. The high prevalence of non-medical prescription drug use among this population warrants further research and action. Information on the risks of nonmedical prescription drug use especially overdose, should be incorporated into interventions targeted at IDUs.
尽管有越来越多的非医疗用途处方药物使用的报告，但相对较少的研究系统地评估了非医疗用途处方药物的使用情况，特别是在可能特别脆弱的人群中（例如，注射毒品使用者 [IDU]）。我们研究了巴尔的摩社区为基础的当前和以前的 IDU 队列参与者中与非医疗用途处方药物使用相关的因素（ALIVE 研究）。我们对参加者在 2005-06 年期间对一项包括非医疗用途处方药物使用情况的调查做出回应的数据进行了横断面分析（n=1320）。非医疗用途处方药物使用被认为是在过去六个月内口服使用以下任何一种药物：阿片类药物（Oxycontin、Percocet）、苯二氮䓬类药物或可乐定，在街头购买。通过标准化访谈获得其他相关变量（例如，人口统计学、药物使用、一般健康）的数据。参与者的中位年龄为 46 岁；66%为男性，85%为非裔美国人。21%报告有任何非医疗用途处方药物使用；12%报告使用超过一种药物。非医疗用途阿片类药物的使用最为常见（17%）。在多变量分析中，非医疗用途处方药物的使用与白种人种族（患病率比 [PR]：1.79）、自我报告的身体疼痛（PR：1.58）、危险的酒精使用（PR：1.47）、大麻使用（PR：1.65）、非注射可卡因/海洛因使用（PR：1.70）、丁丙诺啡或美沙酮的转用（PR：1.51）以及主动注射药物使用（PR：3.50；所有 p<0.05）显著相关。与非医疗用途处方药物使用相关的身体疼痛在未使用物质（大麻、注射毒品、吸食海洛因、可卡因、使用快克）的人群中比使用这些物质的人群更强。在这一人群中，非医疗用途处方药物的高使用率需要进一步研究和采取行动。应将关于非医疗处方药物使用风险的信息，特别是过量使用的风险信息，纳入针对 IDU 的干预措施中。
