Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511-6624, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2011 Oct;214(4):491-501. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2848-z. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
Temporal binding (TB) refers to a subjective contraction of the time that elapses between an action and a delayed sensory consequence of it. The TB effect has been demonstrated primarily in tasks in which a key press triggers a tone after a short delay and in which participants judge the timing of one or both of these events relative to a visual reference (e.g., a rotating clock hand). In the present Experiments 1 and 2, musicians listened instead to an auditory "clock" (a metronome) and occasionally made a tap that triggered a delayed tone. The task was to judge whether that test tone fell before, on, or after the midpoint of the interval between two metronome tones. In a passive control condition, participants judged test tones but did not tap. The hypothesis was that the test tone would be perceived as occurring earlier in the active than in the passive condition. However, there was no difference in perceptual judgments. Experiment 3 used a visual metronome as the reference but again obtained negative results, despite greater uncertainty of judgments. It is suggested that TB of action consequences to actions does not occur when the reference signal is rhythmic because such a context enables participants (musicians, at least) to perceive and judge the actual time of occurrence of the action-triggered tone.
时间绑定（TB）是指在一个动作和它的延迟感觉后果之间流逝的时间的主观收缩。TB 效应主要在以下任务中得到证明：在这些任务中，按键会在短时间延迟后触发一个音调，并且参与者相对于一个视觉参考（例如，旋转的时钟指针）来判断这些事件中的一个或两个的时间。在本实验 1 和 2 中，音乐家们听的是听觉“时钟”（节拍器），偶尔会敲击一下，触发延迟的音调。任务是判断测试音调是在两个节拍器音调之间的间隔的中点之前、中点上还是之后。在被动控制条件下，参与者判断测试音调，但不敲击。假设是在主动条件下，测试音会被感知到比在被动条件下更早发生。然而，在感知判断上没有差异。实验 3 使用视觉节拍器作为参考，但再次得到了否定的结果，尽管判断的不确定性更大。这表明，当参考信号是有节奏的时，对动作的动作结果的 TB 不会发生，因为这种情况下，参与者（至少是音乐家）能够感知和判断触发音调的实际发生时间。
