USDA-ARS, 2100 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, USA.
J Insect Sci. 2011;11:83. doi: 10.1673/031.011.8301.
This study was conducted to obtain information on the cold hardiness of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Florida and to assess upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition. The psyllid is an important pest in citrus because it transmits the bacterial pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease, Huanglongbing, considered the most serious citrus disease worldwide. D. citri was first found in Florida during 1998, and the disease was discovered during 2005. Little was known regarding cold hardiness of D. citri, but Florida citrus is occasionally subjected to notable freeze events. Temperature and duration were each significant sources of variation in percent mortality of D. citri subjected to freeze events. Relatively large percentages of adults and nymphs survived after being exposed for several hours to temperatures as low as -5 to -6 °C. Relatively large percentages of eggs hatched after being exposed for several hours to temperatures as low as -8 °C. Research results indicated that adult D. citri become cold acclimated during the winter through exposure to cooler winter temperatures. There was no evidence that eggs became cold acclimated during winter. Cold acclimation in nymphs was not investigated. Research with adult D. citri from laboratory and greenhouse colonies revealed that mild to moderate freeze events were usually nonlethal to the D. citri irrespective of whether they were cold acclimated or not. Upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition were investigated because such information may be valuable in explaining the geographic distribution and potential spread of the pest from Florida as well as how cooler winter temperatures might limit population growth. The estimated lower and upper thresholds for oviposition were 16.0 and 41.6 °C, respectively; the estimated temperature of peak oviposition over a 48 h period was 29.6 °C.
本研究旨在获取佛罗里达州亚洲柑橘木虱（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama）（半翅目：木虱科）抗寒性的信息，并评估其产卵的上下温度阈值。该木虱是柑橘的重要害虫，因为它传播导致黄龙病的细菌病原体，被认为是世界上最严重的柑橘疾病。D. citri 于 1998 年首次在佛罗里达州发现，该疾病于 2005 年发现。对于 D. citri 的抗寒性知之甚少，但佛罗里达州的柑橘偶尔会受到明显的冻结事件的影响。温度和持续时间都是影响 D. citri 在遭受冻结事件时死亡率的重要因素。成虫和若虫在暴露于低至-5 至-6°C 的温度下数小时后，仍有相对较大的比例存活。在暴露于低至-8°C 的温度下数小时后，相对较大比例的卵孵化。研究结果表明，成年 D. citri 在冬季通过暴露于较低的冬季温度来适应寒冷。没有证据表明卵在冬季适应寒冷。对若虫的冷适应没有进行研究。对来自实验室和温室群体的成年 D. citri 的研究表明，轻度至中度的冻结事件通常对 D. citri 是非致命的，无论它们是否适应寒冷。研究产卵的上下温度阈值是因为此类信息可能有助于解释该害虫从佛罗里达州的地理分布和潜在传播情况，以及较冷的冬季温度如何可能限制其种群增长。估计的产卵下限和上限温度分别为 16.0 和 41.6°C；在 48 小时期间产卵峰值的估计温度为 29.6°C。
