Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Oct 30;194:345-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.112. Epub 2011 Aug 7.
This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and genotoxicity of soils, and corresponding elutriates, contaminated with aqueous suspensions of two organic (vesicles of sodium dodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide and of monoolein and sodium oleate) and five inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) (TiO(2), TiSiO(4), CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, Fe/Co magnetic fluid and gold nanorods) to Vibrio fischeri and Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100 strains). Soil samples were tested 2h and 30 days after contamination. Suspensions of NPs were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering. Soils were highly toxic to V. fischeri, especially after 2h. After 30 days toxicity was maintained only for soils spiked with suspensions of more stable NPs (zeta potential>30 mV or <-30 mV). Elutriates were particularly toxic after 2h, except for soil spiked with Fe/Co magnetic fluid, suggesting that ageing may have contributed for degrading the organic shell of these NPs, increasing the mobility of core elements and the toxicity of elutriates. TA98 was the most sensitive strain to the mutagenic potential of soil elutriates. Only elutriates from soils spiked with gold nanorods, quantum dots (QDs) and TiSiO(4) induced mutations in both strains of S. typhimurium, suggesting more diversified mechanisms of genotoxicity.
本研究旨在评估受两种有机（十二烷基硫酸钠/双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵囊泡和单油酸甘油酯囊泡以及五种无机纳米颗粒（TiO2、TiSiO4、CdSe/ZnS 量子点、Fe/Co 磁性流体和金纳米棒）的水悬浮液污染的土壤及其相应淋出液的毒性和遗传毒性。土壤样品在污染后 2 小时和 30 天进行测试。纳米颗粒悬浮液通过动态光散射进行了表征。土壤对发光菌毒性很高，尤其是在 2 小时后。30 天后，只有添加更稳定的纳米颗粒（zeta 电位>30 mV 或 <-30 mV）悬浮液的土壤仍保持毒性。淋出液在 2 小时后特别有毒，除了添加 Fe/Co 磁性流体的土壤外，这表明老化可能有助于降解这些纳米颗粒的有机外壳，增加核心元素的迁移性和淋出液的毒性。TA98 是对土壤淋出液致突变潜力最敏感的菌株。只有添加金纳米棒、量子点（QDs）和 TiSiO4的土壤淋出液才能诱导两种鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株发生突变，表明遗传毒性的机制更多样化。
