Loureiro Susana, Ferreira Abel L G, Soares Amadeu M V M, Nogueira António J A
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Chemosphere. 2005 Oct;61(2):168-77. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.070. Epub 2005 Apr 14.
Soil contamination can be one path for streams and groundwater contamination. As a complement of chemical analysis and total contaminants determination, bioassays can provide information on the bioavailable fraction of chemical compounds, focusing on the retention and habitat function of soils. In this study the evaluation of the toxicity of two soils from the abandoned Jales Mine (Portugal) regarded both functions. The buffer capacity of soils was tested with bioassays carried out using the cladoceran Daphnia magna and the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The habitat function of soils was evaluated with the reproduction bioassay with the collembolan Folsomia candida. The Microtox solid-phase test was performed with V. fischeri using soil as test medium, and soil elutriates were extracted to perform the Microtox basic test, and an immobilization and reproduction bioassay with D. magna. The marine bacteria showed high sensitivity to the soil with low heavy metal content (JNC soil) and to JNC soil elutriates, while the soil with highest heavy metal content (JC soil) or soil elutriates exposure did not cause any toxic effect. In the bioassays with D. magna, organisms showed sensitivity to JNC and also to JC soil elutriates. Both mobilization and reproduction features were inhibited. The bioassay with F. candida did not reflect any influence of the contaminants on their reproduction. Although JNC soil presented lower heavy metal contents, elutriates showed different patterns of contamination when compared to JC soil and elutriates, which indicates different retention and buffer capacities between soils. Results obtained in this study underlined the sensitivity and importance of soil elutriate bioassays with aquatic organisms in the evaluation strategy in soil ERA processes.
土壤污染可能是溪流和地下水污染的一条途径。作为化学分析和总污染物测定的补充，生物测定可以提供有关化合物生物可利用部分的信息，重点关注土壤的保留和栖息地功能。在本研究中，对葡萄牙废弃的贾莱斯矿的两种土壤的毒性评估涉及了这两种功能。使用枝角类大型溞和海洋细菌费氏弧菌进行生物测定，测试土壤的缓冲能力。使用弹尾目白符跳的繁殖生物测定评估土壤的栖息地功能。以土壤为测试介质，用费氏弧菌进行微毒固相测试，并提取土壤淘析液进行微毒基本测试，以及对大型溞进行固定化和繁殖生物测定。海洋细菌对重金属含量低的土壤（JNC土壤）和JNC土壤淘析液表现出高敏感性，而重金属含量最高的土壤（JC土壤）或土壤淘析液暴露未产生任何毒性作用。在对大型溞的生物测定中，生物体对JNC土壤以及JC土壤淘析液都表现出敏感性。迁移和繁殖特性均受到抑制。对白符跳的生物测定未反映出污染物对其繁殖有任何影响。尽管JNC土壤的重金属含量较低，但与JC土壤和淘析液相比，淘析液显示出不同的污染模式，这表明土壤之间的保留和缓冲能力不同。本研究获得的结果强调了在土壤环境风险评估过程的评估策略中，使用水生生物进行土壤淘析液生物测定的敏感性和重要性。
