Bicalho R X, Rocha O A, Heneine L G, Magalhães A, Heneine I F
Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, Brazil.
Toxicon. 1990;28(2):171-9. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(90)90411-y.
By titrating 5 mg of native venom with aliquots of a 2 x 10(-2) M iodine monochloride solution, neutralization of lethality by the incorporation of iodine was found with 200 +/- 5 microliters of solution, and above, up to 310 +/- 10 microliters, when saturation with iodine was attained. Doses up to 1500 micrograms (equivalent to 32 LD50 of native venom), where injected i.p. in mice without lethal effects. Proteolytic, phospholipase A2 and esterolytic activities were greatly reduced, but a low activity persisted even in fully iodinated samples. Direct hemolysis was markedly inhibited, and incapacity to coagulate fibrinogen and horse plasma was also observed in the iodinated samples. Hemorrhage and necrosis in rat skin, caused by 20 micrograms of iodinated venom were not elicited by doses up to 120 micrograms of iodinated anavenom. In mice, the myonecrosis that resulted from direct i.m. injection of native venom, and the massive hemorrhage caused by 5 LD50 doses injected i.p. were abolished by venom iodination. Blood congestion in liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs, almost disappeared with iodination to the level of neutralization, and was barely seen with venom samples iodinated to saturation. The clinical signs of impaired physical activity, appearing in mice injected with 700 to 1500 micrograms of the iodinated anavenom were intensified by captopril and attenuated by epinephrine.
用2×10⁻²M一氯化碘溶液的等分试样滴定5mg天然毒液，发现当加入200±5微升溶液时，碘的掺入可中和致死性，当达到碘饱和时，加入量可达310±10微升。高达1500微克（相当于天然毒液的32个半数致死量）的剂量腹腔注射给小鼠后未产生致死效应。蛋白水解、磷脂酶A2和酯水解活性大大降低，但即使在完全碘化的样品中仍有低活性存在。直接溶血明显受到抑制，并且在碘化样品中还观察到无法使纤维蛋白原和马血浆凝固。20微克碘化毒液引起的大鼠皮肤出血和坏死，120微克碘化去毒毒液的剂量却不会引发。在小鼠中，毒液碘化消除了直接肌肉注射天然毒液导致的肌坏死以及腹腔注射5个半数致死量剂量引起的大量出血。肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肺的充血在碘化至中和水平时几乎消失，在碘化至饱和的毒液样品中几乎看不到。注射700至1500微克碘化去毒毒液的小鼠出现的身体活动受损的临床症状，卡托普利会使其加重，肾上腺素会使其减轻。
