Johnson E K, Kardong K V, Ownby C L
Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.
Toxicon. 1987;25(11):1169-80. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(87)90135-8.
Biochemical differences in white and yellow venoms produced in the separate venom glands of an individual southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis helleri) were investigated. Compared to the yellow venom, the white venom contained fewer low molecular weight components and was considerably less toxic. Although the exact LD50 was not determined, the white venom did not produce toxic effects in mice when injected i.v. at concentrations up to 10 mg/kg. The i.v. LD50 of the yellow venom was approximately 1.6 mg/kg. Both white and yellow venoms had hemorrhagic activity, but the white venom caused less intradermal hemorrhage in mice. No L-amino acid oxidase activity was measured in the white venom and protease and phospholipase A2 activities of the white venom were much less than in the yellow venom. The white and yellow venoms both produced myonecrosis at 1, 3 and 24 hr after i.m. injection into mice, however, there were some qualitative differences in the myonecrosis produced. When the venom samples were reacted against Wyeth's polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenom using immunodiffusion, three precipitin bands formed against the yellow venom, whereas only one formed against the white venom. When reacted against an antiserum to myotoxin alpha from C. viridis viridis venom, both the white and yellow venoms produced one precipitin band each.
对一条南太平洋响尾蛇（Crotalus viridis helleri）的两个独立毒腺所产生的白色毒液和黄色毒液的生化差异进行了研究。与黄色毒液相比，白色毒液中低分子量成分较少，毒性也小得多。虽然未确定确切的半数致死量（LD50），但静脉注射浓度高达10毫克/千克的白色毒液时，对小鼠未产生毒性作用。黄色毒液的静脉注射LD50约为1.6毫克/千克。白色毒液和黄色毒液均具有出血活性，但白色毒液在小鼠体内引起的皮内出血较少。白色毒液中未检测到L-氨基酸氧化酶活性，其蛋白酶和磷脂酶A2活性也远低于黄色毒液。白色毒液和黄色毒液在肌肉注射到小鼠体内1、3和24小时后均会导致肌坏死，然而，所产生的肌坏死存在一些定性差异。当毒液样本使用免疫扩散法与惠氏多价（响尾蛇科）抗蛇毒血清反应时，黄色毒液形成了三条沉淀带，而白色毒液仅形成一条。当与来自绿响尾蛇（Crotalus viridis viridis）毒液的抗肌毒素α抗血清反应时，白色毒液和黄色毒液均各自产生一条沉淀带。
