École de Relations Industrielles, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2012 Nov;58(6):596-604. doi: 10.1177/0020764011418404. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
This study investigated variations in psychological distress in a large sample of the Canadian population according to employment status, occupation, work organization conditions, reasons for non-employment, stress and support outside the work environment, family situation and individual characteristics.
Data came from cycle 4 (2000-1) of the Canadian National Population Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada. Multiple regression analyses, adjusted for the family situation, the level of support from the social network and the individual characteristics, were carried out on a sample of 7258 individuals aged from 18 to 65 years.
Occupation, social support at work, age, self-esteem, presence of children aged five and under and social support outside of the workplace were associated with lower levels of psychological distress, while permanent and temporary disability, psychological demands in the workplace, job insecurity, female gender, and stressful financial, marital and parental situations were related to higher levels of psychological distress.
Findings from this study suggest that, in terms of psychological distress, having a job is not always better than non-employment, and that specific non-employment situations associate differently with psychological distress.
本研究根据就业状况、职业、工作组织条件、非就业原因、工作环境外的压力和支持、家庭状况和个体特征，调查了加拿大人口的一个大样本中心理困扰的变化。
数据来自加拿大统计局进行的加拿大国家人口健康调查第 4 周期（2000-1）。对年龄在 18 至 65 岁之间的 7258 名个体样本进行了多回归分析，调整了家庭状况、社会网络支持水平和个体特征。
职业、工作中的社会支持、年龄、自尊、五岁及以下儿童的存在以及工作场所外的社会支持与较低水平的心理困扰相关，而永久性和临时性残疾、工作场所的心理需求、工作不安全感、女性性别以及紧张的财务、婚姻和父母状况与较高水平的心理困扰相关。
本研究的结果表明，就心理困扰而言，就业并不总是比非就业好，而且特定的非就业情况与心理困扰的关联不同。
