Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Oct;25(10):2895-901. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31820da00c.
Firefighters are required to perform a variety of strenuous occupational tasks that require high levels of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Thus, it is critical that firefighters train at an appropriate intensity to develop adequate levels of aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Circuit training is a unique training method that stresses both energy systems and therefore may be a viable training method to enhance firefighter preparedness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the aerobic and anaerobic intensities of a circuit-based workout to physiological data previously reported on firefighters performing fire suppression and rescue tasks. Twenty career firefighters performed a workout that included 2 rotations of 12 exercises that stressed all major muscle groups. Heart rate was recorded at the completion of each exercise. Blood lactate was measured before and approximately 5 minutes after the workout. The workout heart rate and post-workout blood lactate responses were statistically compared to data reported on firefighters performing fire suppression and rescue tasks. The mean circuit-training heart rate was similar to previously reported heart rate responses from firefighters performing simulated smoke-diving tasks (79 ± 5 vs. 79 ± 6% maximum heart rate [HRmax], p = 0.741), but lower than previously reported heart rate responses from firefighters performing fire suppression tasks (79 ± 5 vs. 88 ± 6% HRmax, p < 0.001). The workout produced a similar peak blood lactate compared to that when performing firefighting tasks (12 ± 3 vs. 13 ± 3 mmol·L(-1), p = 0.084). In general, the circuit-based workout produced a lower cardiovascular stress but a similar anaerobic stress as compared to performing firefighting tasks. Therefore, firefighters should supplement low-intensity circuit-training programs with high-intensity cardiovascular and resistance training (e.g., ≥85% 1-repetition maximum) exercises to adequately prepare for the variable physical demands of firefighting.
消防员需要执行各种艰苦的职业任务，这些任务需要高水平的有氧和无氧健身。因此，消防员必须以适当的强度进行训练，以达到足够的有氧和无氧健身水平。循环训练是一种独特的训练方法，它强调两种能量系统，因此可能是一种增强消防员准备能力的可行训练方法。因此，本研究的目的是比较基于循环的锻炼与之前报道的消防员执行灭火和救援任务的生理数据的有氧和无氧强度。20 名职业消防员进行了一项锻炼，包括 2 轮 12 项练习，这些练习强调了所有主要的肌肉群。每项运动结束后记录心率。在锻炼前和大约 5 分钟后测量血乳酸。将锻炼时的心率和锻炼后的血乳酸反应与之前报道的消防员执行灭火和救援任务的数据进行统计学比较。循环训练的平均心率与之前报道的消防员进行模拟潜水任务时的心率反应相似（79 ± 5 比 79 ± 6%最大心率[HRmax]，p = 0.741），但低于之前报道的消防员进行灭火任务时的心率反应（79 ± 5 比 88 ± 6% HRmax，p < 0.001）。与执行灭火任务时相比，锻炼时产生的峰值血乳酸相似（12 ± 3 比 13 ± 3 mmol·L（-1），p = 0.084）。一般来说，与执行灭火任务相比，基于循环的锻炼产生的心血管压力较低，但无氧压力相似。因此，消防员应该在低强度循环训练计划中加入高强度的心血管和阻力训练（例如，≥85% 1 次重复最大）练习，以充分准备应对灭火工作中多变的身体需求。
