国民收入、不平等与全球卷烟使用模式
National Income, Inequality and Global Patterns of Cigarette Use.
作者信息
Pampel Fred
机构信息
University of Colorado, Boulder.
出版信息
Soc Forces. 2007 Dec 1;86(2):445-466. doi: 10.1093/sf/86.2.445.
Declining tobacco use in high-income nations and rising tobacco use in low- and middle-income nations raises questions about the sources of worldwide patterns of smoking. Theories posit a curvilinear influence of national income based on the balance of affordability and health-cost effects. In addition, however, economic inequality, gender inequality and government policies may moderate the rise and fall in smoking prevalence with national income. This study tests these arguments using aggregate data for 145 nations and measures of smoking prevalence circa 2000. The results show nonlinear effects of national income for males that take the form of an inverted U, but show linear effects for females. They also show non-additive effects of economic inequality for males that moderate both the rise and decline of smoking with national income and non-additive effects of gender equality for females that moderate the positive effect of national income.
高收入国家烟草使用量的下降以及低收入和中等收入国家烟草使用量的上升引发了关于全球吸烟模式根源的问题。理论认为，基于可承受性和健康成本效应的平衡，国民收入具有曲线影响。然而，除此之外，经济不平等、性别不平等和政府政策可能会缓和吸烟率随国民收入的上升和下降。本研究使用145个国家的汇总数据以及2000年左右的吸烟率测量值来检验这些论点。结果表明，国民收入对男性有呈倒U形的非线性影响，但对女性有线性影响。研究还表明，经济不平等对男性有非相加效应，缓和了吸烟率随国民收入的上升和下降，而性别平等对女性有非相加效应，缓和了国民收入的积极影响。
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