Pampel Fred C
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0484, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2005 Jun;95(6):1009-15. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.056895.
I examined demographic and socioeconomic patterns of tobacco use in 2 African nations in the early stages of epidemic.
I used population-based data from the Demographic Health Surveys of men aged 15-59 years (N=5111) and women aged 15-49 years (N=20809) in Malawi (2000) and Zambia (2001/2002) and multinomial logistic regression models to examine tobacco use (nonsmoker, light cigarette smoker, heavy cigarette smoker, and user of other tobacco) as a function of age, residence, education, occupation, marital status, and religion.
Male tobacco users tend to be less educated, urban, household service or manual workers, formerly married, and non-Christian and non-Muslim. Although tobacco use is less common among women, it relates inversely to their education and occupational status. Tobacco users more often reported drinking, getting drunk, and, among men, paying for sex.
Tobacco use patterns in 2 African nations at the early stages of epidemic suggest the need for public health officials to focus on disadvantaged groups to prevent the worldwide spread of tobacco.
我研究了处于烟草流行早期阶段的两个非洲国家的烟草使用的人口统计学和社会经济模式。
我使用了来自马拉维（2000年）和赞比亚（2001/2002年）的基于人群的人口与健康调查数据，其中包括15 - 59岁男性（N = 5111）和15 - 49岁女性（N = 20809），并使用多项逻辑回归模型来研究烟草使用情况（不吸烟者、轻度吸烟者、重度吸烟者和其他烟草使用者）与年龄、居住地点、教育程度、职业、婚姻状况和宗教的关系。
男性烟草使用者往往受教育程度较低、居住在城市、从事家庭服务或体力劳动、曾经结过婚，且既非基督教徒也非穆斯林。虽然烟草使用在女性中不太常见，但与她们的教育程度和职业地位呈负相关。烟草使用者更常报告有饮酒、醉酒行为，在男性中还包括花钱买性服务。
处于烟草流行早期阶段的两个非洲国家的烟草使用模式表明，公共卫生官员有必要关注弱势群体，以防止烟草在全球范围内传播。
