Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.
Health Economics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 25;18(11):5665. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115665.
Tobacco consumption, or smoking, is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In order to reduce the consumption of tobacco products, it is necessary to understand the factors that drive it. However, little is known about the socioeconomic determinants of tobacco smoking in the KSA. This study, therefore, investigates the socioeconomic factors that influence tobacco smoking in the KSA. Using a national health survey, the study employs logistic and negative binomial regressions to examine the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking. Moreover, the inequality concentration indices (CIs) are used to assess inequalities in smoking. The results reveal that the smoking prevalence is 14.09% of the 8813 respondents considered in this study. The prevalence of smoking is higher among men (25.34%) than among women (1.91%). On the determinants of smoking, the logistic regression results show that higher income is associated with lower likelihood of smoking. Other factors significantly associated with current smoking status are marital status, gender, age, and region of residence. Similarly, gender, age and region of residence are significantly associated with smoking intensity. As regards the inequality analysis, at the national level, the results show that smoking is concentrated among those with higher socioeconomic status (income: CI = 0.071, < 0.01; education: CI = 0.095, < 0.01), but with significant regional variations. By gender disaggregation, the results also show that the income-based CIs are positive for both males and females, but statistically insignificant. Education-based CI is positive for males and significant (CI = 0.057, < 0.05), while it is negative and insignificant for females during the study period. The findings call for targeted tobacco control measures focusing on those with higher socioeconomic status, as well as factors such as age, gender, marital status and region of residence.
吸烟是全球范围内可预防的发病率和死亡率的主要原因，包括在沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA）。为了减少烟草制品的消费，有必要了解驱动它的因素。然而，关于 KSA 吸烟的社会经济决定因素知之甚少。因此，本研究调查了影响 KSA 吸烟的社会经济因素。本研究使用全国健康调查，采用逻辑和负二项回归分析来研究与吸烟相关的社会经济因素。此外，还使用不平等集中指数（CIs）来评估吸烟的不平等。研究结果显示，在考虑的 8813 名受访者中，吸烟率为 14.09%。吸烟率男性（25.34%）高于女性（1.91%）。在吸烟的决定因素方面，逻辑回归结果表明，较高的收入与较低的吸烟可能性相关。与当前吸烟状况显著相关的其他因素包括婚姻状况、性别、年龄和居住地区。同样，性别、年龄和居住地区与吸烟强度显著相关。至于不平等分析，在国家一级，结果表明吸烟集中在社会经济地位较高的人群中（收入：CI=0.071，<0.01；教育：CI=0.095，<0.01），但存在显著的地区差异。按性别细分，结果还表明，收入为基础的 CIs 对男性和女性都是正的，但无统计学意义。以教育为基础的 CI 对男性为正且显著（CI=0.057，<0.05），而在研究期间对女性为负且无统计学意义。研究结果呼吁采取有针对性的烟草控制措施，重点关注社会经济地位较高的人群，以及年龄、性别、婚姻状况和居住地区等因素。
