Haljaste Kaja, Unt Eve
University of Tartu, Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Science, Tartu, Estonia.
Coll Antropol. 2010 Dec;34(4):1335-40.
The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and risks for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in relation to previous athletic status and current physical activity level in former athletes. Main anthropometric data, sports history, current physical activity and MSD were estimated using a questionnaire in 219 (148 males, 71 females) former athletes (35-75 years old) and 79 controls (33 males, 46 females). According to the previous participation in top-level sports, former athletes were divided into three groups: (a) endurance, n=120 (76 males, 44 females); (b) speed-power, n=57 (43 males, 14 females); (c) team sports, n=42 (29 males, 13 females). The most prevalent MSD among the male and female ex-athletes were back and knee pain. The endurance ex-athletes group (both males and females) had significantly higher risk for the knee problems than the control group (Odds ratio--OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.7-20.00, p < 0.05). Team sports athletes (males and females) showed significantly higher risk for Achilles' tendon injuries (OR 3.19 95% CI 1.19-8.5, p < 0.05) as compared to controls. Back pain did not show any significant associations with previous physical activity and current physical activity level. Current physical activity was significantly associated with a lower risk for the knee and hip pain. Body mass index was positively associated with knee problems. In conclusion, our study results revealed that previous participation in enduranve sports events is associated with a significantly higher risk for knee problems. At the same time current regular physical exercise 6-11 times per month is associated with a lower prevalence of knee and hip problems as compared to those who exercised less than 6 times per month.
本研究的目的是确定前运动员的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）患病率及其与既往运动状态和当前身体活动水平的关系。通过问卷调查对219名（148名男性，71名女性）35至75岁的前运动员和79名对照者（33名男性，46名女性）的主要人体测量数据、运动史、当前身体活动情况和MSD进行评估。根据既往参与顶级运动的情况，前运动员被分为三组：（a）耐力项目组，n = 120（76名男性，44名女性）；（b）速度力量项目组，n = 57（43名男性，14名女性）；（c）团队运动项目组，n = 42（29名男性，13名女性）。男女前运动员中最常见的MSD是背痛和膝盖疼痛。耐力项目前运动员组（男性和女性）出现膝盖问题的风险显著高于对照组（优势比——OR 5.9，95%置信区间1.7 - 20.00，p < 0.05）。与对照组相比，团队运动项目运动员（男性和女性）跟腱损伤的风险显著更高（OR 3.19，95%置信区间1.19 - 8.5，p < 0.05）。背痛与既往身体活动和当前身体活动水平均无显著关联。当前身体活动与膝盖和臀部疼痛风险较低显著相关。体重指数与膝盖问题呈正相关。总之，我们的研究结果显示，既往参与耐力运动项目与膝盖问题风险显著更高相关。同时，与每月锻炼少于6次的人相比，每月进行6 - 11次规律体育锻炼的人膝盖和臀部问题患病率较低。
