Räty H P, Kujala U M, Videman T, Impivaara O, Crites Battié M, Sarna S
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Sports Med. 1997 Nov;18(8):625-32. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972693.
We studied the lifetime occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms in former elite male athletes: 29 weight-lifters, 31 soccer players, 28 long-distance runners, and 29 shooters, 45-68 years of age. The proportion of subjects with monthly back pain during the past year was smaller among runners than among the other athletes, although not statistically significant. Monthly back pain was more common in weight-lifters with lifetime training hours above the median as compared with those below the median. The average intensity of the worst back pain during the past year was clearly higher in weight-lifters and soccer players, than in runners and shooters. Knee pain at least once a month during the past year was reported by 52% (CI 33-70%) of the soccer players, 31% (CI 15-51%) of the weight lifters, 21% (CI 8-41 %) of the runners, and 17% (CI 6-36%) of the shooters (p = 0.019). Soccer players had the highest number of sports-related knee injuries (p < 0.0001). Past knee injuries were associated with knee pain in later adulthood (p = 0.048). More runners reported having had hip pain episodes during their lifetime than other athletes, but no differences were found in the occurrence of hip pain during the past year. In conclusion, compared with shooters, athletes formerly exposed to heavy exercise did not report more frequent back pain during the past year, whereas a high intensity of back pain was typical of soccer players and weight-lifters. A predisposition to knee injuries in soccer players appears to increase the risk of future knee pain. Similarly, knee pain later in life seems to be more common in weight-lifters than in runners and shooters. Long-distance runners, on the other hand, are prone to an increased lifetime risk of hip pain.
29名举重运动员、31名足球运动员、28名长跑运动员和29名射击运动员，年龄在45至68岁之间。在过去一年中，长跑运动员中每月背痛的受试者比例低于其他运动员，尽管差异无统计学意义。与训练时长低于中位数的举重运动员相比，训练时长高于中位数的举重运动员中每月背痛更为常见。在过去一年中，举重运动员和足球运动员最严重背痛的平均强度明显高于长跑运动员和射击运动员。过去一年中，52%（95%置信区间33%-70%）的足球运动员、31%（95%置信区间15%-51%）的举重运动员、21%（95%置信区间8%-41%）的长跑运动员和17%（95%置信区间6%-36%）的射击运动员报告每月至少有一次膝关节疼痛（p = 0.019）。足球运动员与运动相关的膝关节损伤数量最多（p < 0.0001）。过去的膝关节损伤与成年后期的膝关节疼痛相关（p = 0.048）。与其他运动员相比，更多长跑运动员报告一生中曾有过髋关节疼痛发作，但在过去一年中髋关节疼痛的发生率没有差异。总之，与射击运动员相比，过去从事高强度运动的运动员在过去一年中并未报告更频繁的背痛，而高强度背痛是足球运动员和举重运动员的典型特征。足球运动员膝关节损伤的易感性似乎增加了未来膝关节疼痛的风险。同样，举重运动员晚年膝关节疼痛似乎比长跑运动员和射击运动员更常见。另一方面，长跑运动员一生中髋关节疼痛的风险增加。
