Department of Communication Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Jan;102(1):116-31. doi: 10.1037/a0025335. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
We argue that race and sex categories are psychologically and phenotypically confounded, affecting social categorizations and their efficiency. Sex categorization of faces was facilitated when the race category shared facial phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian women and Black men) but was impaired when the race category shared incompatible phenotypes or stereotypes with the correct sex category (e.g., Asian men and Black women). These patterns were evident in the disambiguation of androgynous faces (Study 1) and the efficiency of judgments (Studies 1, 2, 4, and 5). These patterns emerged due to common facial phenotypes for the categories Black and men (Studies 3 and 5) and due to shared stereotypes among the categories Black and men and the categories Asian and women (Studies 4 and 5). These findings challenge the notion that social categories are perceived independent of one another and show, instead, that race is gendered.
我们认为，种族和性别类别在心理和表型上是混淆的，这会影响社会分类及其效率。当种族类别与正确的性别类别共享面部表型或刻板印象时（例如，亚洲女性和黑人男性），对面部的性别分类会得到促进，但当种族类别与正确的性别类别共享不兼容的表型或刻板印象时（例如，亚洲男性和黑人女性），性别分类会受到损害。这些模式在对雌雄同体面孔的区分（研究 1）和判断的效率（研究 1、2、4 和 5）中显而易见。这些模式的出现是由于黑人和男性这两个类别具有共同的面部表型（研究 3 和 5），以及黑人和男性这两个类别与亚洲和女性这两个类别之间存在共同的刻板印象（研究 4 和 5）。这些发现挑战了社会类别彼此独立的观点，而是表明种族是性别化的。
