Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2012 Jan;38(1):118-29. doi: 10.1037/a0025056. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) is a widely studied phenomenon of human memory, but RIF of arithmetic facts remains relatively unexplored. In 2 experiments, we investigated RIF of simple addition facts (2 + 3 = 5) from practice of their multiplication counterparts (2 × 3 = 6). In both experiments, robust RIF expressed in response times occurred only for high-strength small-number addition facts with sums ≤ 10, indicating that RIF from multiplication practice was interference dependent. RIF of addition-fact memory was produced by multiplication retrieval (2 × 3 = ?) but not multiplication study (2 × 3 = 6), supporting an inhibitory mechanism of RIF in arithmetic memory. Finally, RIF occurred with multiplication practiced in word format (three × four) and addition tested later in digit format (3 + 4), which provides evidence that digit and written-word formats for arithmetic accessed a common semantic retrieval network. The results support the view that addition and multiplication facts are stored in an interrelated semantic network and that RIF of competing addition facts is an intrinsic process of multiplication fact retrieval.
提取诱发遗忘（RIF）是人类记忆中一个被广泛研究的现象，但算术事实的 RIF 仍然相对未被探索。在 2 项实验中，我们研究了乘法练习对简单加法事实（2 + 3 = 5）的 RIF。在这两项实验中，只有在和 ≤ 10 的高强度小数字加法事实中才会出现响应时间上的明显 RIF，这表明乘法练习引起的 RIF 是干扰依赖性的。加法事实记忆的 RIF 是由乘法提取（2 × 3 =?）而不是乘法学习（2 × 3 = 6）产生的，这支持了算术记忆中 RIF 的抑制机制。最后，乘法在单词格式（three × four）中练习，而加法稍后在数字格式（3 + 4）中测试，这提供了证据表明，算术的数字和书面单词格式访问了一个共同的语义检索网络。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即加法和乘法事实被存储在一个相互关联的语义网络中，并且竞争的加法事实的 RIF 是乘法事实检索的内在过程。
