Poudel B N, Dhungana G P
Department of Gastroenterology, NAMS, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2010 Oct;8(2):103-6.
With the increase in the severity of immunosupression, due to HIV infection, there is increase in the flow of patients seeking care and support services. Antiretroviral drugs minimize chance of developing AIDS related opportunistic infection and therefore there would be the prolongation of life of the patients. The objectives of this study are to assess the chief complaints, major opportunistic infections, complications of ART and treatment outcome of hospital admitted HIV patients.
A cross sectional study was carried out between December 2008 to May 2009 among 66 HIV patients undergoing indoor treatment in Seti Zonal Hospital, Dhangadhi.
Of the total cases, 36 (54.5%) were male and 30 (45.5%) were females with predominant age group of 31- 40 years (47%). About 24% of admitted patients had CD4 count less than 50/cu mm blood. Thirty five (53%) cases presented fever as the major clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS due to different opportunistic infections followed by cough (28.8%), loss of appetite (28.8%), weight loss (27.3%), and diarrhea (24.2%). Tuberculosis was found to be the major opportunistic infection accounting 27.3% followed by gastroenteritis (21.2%) and oral candidiasis (15.5%). Treatment outcome of hospital admitted patients showed the 83.3% recovery rate and 4.3% death rate.
Hospital admission was found to be efficient to treat the major opportunistic infections and management of ART hypersensitivity reactions. While tuberculosis was the leading opportunistic infection, the most common clinical manifestation was found to be fever among the admitted HIV/AIDS patients.
随着因感染艾滋病毒导致的免疫抑制严重程度增加，寻求护理和支持服务的患者数量有所上升。抗逆转录病毒药物可将患艾滋病相关机会性感染的几率降至最低，从而延长患者寿命。本研究的目的是评估住院艾滋病毒患者的主要诉求、主要机会性感染、抗逆转录病毒治疗的并发症及治疗结果。
2008年12月至2009年5月，在丹加迪塞蒂地区医院对66名接受住院治疗的艾滋病毒患者进行了一项横断面研究。
在所有病例中，男性36例（54.5%），女性30例（45.5%），主要年龄组为31 - 40岁（47%）。约24%的住院患者血液中CD4细胞计数低于50/立方毫米。35例（53%）患者因不同的机会性感染，以发热作为艾滋病毒/艾滋病的主要临床表现，其次是咳嗽（28.8%）、食欲不振（28.8%）、体重减轻（27.3%）和腹泻（24.2%）。发现结核病是主要的机会性感染，占27.3%，其次是肠胃炎（21.2%）和口腔念珠菌病（15.5%）。住院患者的治疗结果显示治愈率为83.3%，死亡率为4.3%。
发现住院治疗对于治疗主要的机会性感染和管理抗逆转录病毒治疗的超敏反应有效。虽然结核病是主要的机会性感染，但在住院的艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者中，最常见的临床表现是发热。
